Вестник Кольского научного центра РАН. 2013, №1.

A.I. Kalashnik, N.A. Kalashnik STUDY OF PROTECTING BULK HYDROTECHNICAL FACILITY AS A PILOT MODEL OF TAILINGS IMPOUNDMENT DAM OF MINING AND PROCESSING ENTERPRISE The geomechanic model has been developed to study protecting bulk hydrotechnical facility-dam. The model has been investigated in elastic-plastic setting using computer modeling methods; as a result, the deformation regularities and facility body displacements were established as well as drawdown curve formation in the body depending on the level of external water load. Obtained results correlate well with the data of georadar and seismic-tomography studies of the facility and can be used during justification of preventive measures on hazardous deformations of protecting dams of tailings impoundments of mining and processing enterprises in the Kola Peninsula. Keywords: dam, geomechanic model, computer modeling, risk. N.A. Kalashnik GEOMECHANICAL DATA AND GEODYNAMIC OCCURRENCES DATABASE OF OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS FIELDS It is shown that the necessary condition of geodynamical safety problem solution of offshore oil and gas fields is informational geomechanical support based on databases. The basic principles are described for accepted hierarchy-relational model and created database structure. The fragments of information-logical modules with specific examples of offshore fields and accidents are given. As a result of carried out studies the geomechanical data and geodynamic occurrences, database of 210 offshore oil and gas fields and 450 emergency accidents have been created having significantly important functioning peculiarities: data obtained from various field-specific sources are integrated for system analysis; in search of general trends (dependencies) there is a possibility to obtain target information in real time including large data volumes; report generation (regular, comparative and summary) and representative sampling are carried out automatically; possibility to obtain data of the higher level (advanced knowledge) is provided due to automatic processing (search, sorting, cleaning, grouping, aggregation and calculation) and revealing of earlier known data dependencies and relations. Keywords: offshore oil and gas fields, database, information, geomechanical, geodynamic occurrences, safety. E.D. Tereschenko, V.A. Ljubchich, A.N. Milichenko, S.V. Pilgaev APPLICATION OF EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES FOR EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION IN MINES The paper deals with problems of organization of extremely low frequency emergency communication in mines. The experimental data of registration of radio signal at the Earth's surface are presented. The radio signal was radiated by subsurface mobile low-power source of extremely low frequency electromagnetic waves in the mine "Barentsburg" in the Spitsbergen. Three dimensional modeling of nonhomogeneous ground by the method of grid approximation of Maxwell's equations has been performed for interpretation of the experimental data. It was demonstrated, that the largest increase of observed magnetic field amplitude can be determined by high conducting areas in the ground, for example, the coal seam. Keywords: emergency communication in mines, mobile extremely low frequency wave transmitter, vertical magnetic dipole, method o f grid approximation, coal seam. V.G. Dvoretsky, A.G. Dvoretsky BIOLOGY OF SYMPAGIC CRUSTACEANS IN THE ARCTIC (REVIEW) This review presents data on the composition and distribution of the copepods and amphipods, most common ice-associated crustaceans, in the Arctic Ocean. These groups play an important role in polar marine ecosystems forming main part of the total production of sympagic fauna. Harpacticoida and Cyclopoida are the most frequent taxa inhabiting the interstitial spaces of Arctic sea ice where their abundance may reach some thousands individuals per 1 m2. Calanoida occur in the sea ice as eggs and nauplii while copepodites and adults live beneath sea ice. Biomasses of cryopelagic copepods vary from 0 to 20 mgC rrf2. The ice-associated amphipods inhabit the subsurface of the ice, large holes, crevices and channels that have widened during the summer melt. Maximum of amphipod biomass (3.5 gC/m2) has been recorded near Franz Josef Land in the Barents Sea. Life strategies of sympagic fauna are characterized by longer life cycles, slower growth rates and fewer generations per year. The main food sources for ice-associated organisms are sea ice microalgae, organic matter and detritus. Successful development in the Arctic conditions is provided with a complex of the adaptations including behavioural (reproductive and trophic strategy), physiological (resistance/durability to the enhanced salinity and low temperature, lipid accumulation and metabolic plasticity) and anatomic features (the specialised mouth part and appendages). Keywords: crustaceans, sea ice, Arctic. 101