Вестник Кольского научного центра РАН. 2010, №3.

contents NATURAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES N.N. Melnikov, A.I. Kalashnik INNOVATIVE GEORADAR TECHNOLOGIES OF STUDYING SUBSURFACE STRUCTURE AND CONDITIONS OF NATURAL-TECHNICAL SYSTEMS The methodical approaches to carry out modern hi-tech and informative nondestructive georadar definitions for the purposes of suboutline sounding (profiling) of mining and geological environments, studying of subsurface structures and conditions of natural-technical systems are stated in the paper. Results of georadar surveys on the experimental sites of the Khibiny and Kovdor mining areas, on the Spitsbergen Island, and also in the transitive zone «land - reservoir» are given. The investigations carried out with use of innovative georadar technologies have convincingly demonstrated, that georadar definitions for the purposes of suboutline sounding (profiling) of rock mass (natural-technical systems) sites are the most modern, hi-tech and informative means of nondestructive measurements, which allows receiving results in real time and with data binding to GPS. Georadar definitions are highly informative both for natural soil and rock masses, and for artificial soil constructions, dams, bases (foundations) and they allow to carry out an estimation of an initial (original) condition and structure, and also monitoring of deformation processes development, fracturing development, structure changes and other natural-technical systems. Keywords: innovations, georadar technologies, natural-technical systems, subsurface sounding, structure studying, monitoring. A.A. Kozyrev, V.I. Panin, I.E. Semenova A CASE STUDY OF GEODYNAMICAL RISKS MANAGEMENT AT THE KHIBINY APATITE MINES The technique of critical states of geological environment areas diagnostics is presented. It is based on the analysis of mining and geological information, instrumental measurements in rock mass and finite- element method modeling. The technique allows to estimate the changes of rock mass stress state and to choose the technology of providing mining safety. Keywords: Geodynamical risk; classification of geodynamical events; mining safety; expert estimation; numerical modeling; stress strain state; prediction and prevention of rockbursts. N.O. Sorokhtin, N.E. Kozlov, E.V. Martynov, N.E. Kozlova LATE ARCHAEAN KOMATIITES: THE ISSUE OF THE MANTLE EVOLUTION AND METALLOGENIC ASPECT Studies of greenstone belts associations of the Late Achaean have allowed to divide all ancient continental formations into three basic groups - proto northern and proto southern, extended in sub- latitudinal direction. High-altitude micro continents were formed in similar conditions of relatively smaller overheating of the mantle, rather than near equatorial one. Greenstone belts of that time naturally vary in space in structure and relative occurrence of volcanic rock according to parameters of changes of the temperature conditions of the Earth mantle. Data on geochemistry of the basic metavolcanite ancient convergent zones confirm the geodynamic regulations about that the southern rock associations of the Late Achaean age were formed in conditions of higher temperature of the mantle. Komatiite magmas generated in conditions of a greater overheating of the Earth mantle, were enriched with some siderophylic and chalkophylic elements, which determined a greater amount and a wider genetic variety of the types of deposits of gold, nickel and elements of platinum group associated with them,. Keywords: greenstone belts, komatiites, geochemistry, distinction trends, early Precambrian mantle, metallogeny. V.A. Dauvalter, M.V. Dauvalter THE CONDITION OF UNDERGROUND WATER IN THE MONCHEGORSK DISTRICT Monitoring investigations of the Monchegorsk industrial area were carried out in the immediate proximity to the "Severonickel" Co to estimate the impact of air emissions from smelters of the Company on the formation of chemical composition of underground waters. Underground waters of Monchegorsk district are characterized by the lowest protection against pollution according to the classification by V.M. Goldberg. Concentrations of many polluting elements and substances in the underground waters exceeds the ones registered in the water of the Lake Moncheozero, used as drinking water source of Monchegorsk. Keywords: underground waters, pollution, mineralization, basic ions, trace elements. 114