Вестник МГТУ, 2021, Т. 24, № 2.

Вестник МГТУ. 2021. Т. 24, № 2. С. 214-227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-214-227 The movement of one monolith has been detected by a laser device, the network of which is used in the Ruskeala Mountain Park to monitor the stability o f the array and the threat has been eliminated. The operation of laser devices will be described in more details below. Results and discussion As a result of the work carried out by the Institute of Geology of the KRC RAS in the Ruskeala Mining Park, several recommendations have been developed to reduce the risk for tourists visiting the park areas depending on the location of the places that pose danger. The requirements for such a regulation have included improving the quality of control measures at various levels when using financially optimal solutions. As a result, the content of the measures includes: 1) daily visual control, 2) periodic instrumental control, and 3) annual full control based on polygonal models. The regulations are drawn up in the form o f a schedule for performing regular measurements (examinations) with the appointment o f persons responsible for this procedure. 1. Daily control includes regular visual inspection of the state of mine workings with documentation (photographing), if necessary, of individual sections that can be deformed in the course of various local influences and, above all, freezing - thawing processes that occur in the autumn and spring periods. Based on the results of the inspection, measures are taken to localize threats (e. g. to prevent tourist access), if any are found. 2. Periodic instrumental control - includes various systems for observing the behavior of workings. As part of such a control, the use of laser rangefinders was developed, patented and recommended to control inaccessible areas. This technique allows quickly identify the movements o f individual parts of the workings and respond promptly and flexibly to various deformation processes in the rock mass. The most important property of this method is the simplicity o f the device itself and its use. This simplicity makes believe that the regular use of this device is possible by the staff of the museum (park) with a periodicity established empirically under the control of an outsourcing company. Problematic areas for monitoring the stability of rocks are established based on the results of regular photogrammetric surveys (with a frequency o f no more than once a year for the conditions o f Ruskeala Mountain Park), with a number of related geotechnical measures. The Institute of Geology KRC RAS has proposed a patented device (Shekov et al., 2018). It is to install a laser rangefinder on a specific point (Fig. 13). Regular measurements of the distance from point 1 to controlled point 5, as shown in Fig. 13, make it possible to track possible surface movements and take measures to eliminate emerging threats. Fig. 13. Installation diagram of a laser rangefinder with subsequent measurement of the distance between specific point 1 and controlled point 5. 1 - the metal screw embedded in rock; 2 - the rangefinder; 3 - the wall of the underground tunnel; 4 - the laser beam; 5 - the controlled point Рис. 13. Схема установки лазерного дальномера с последующим замером дальности между репером 1 и контрольной точкой 5: 1 - металлический винт, врезанный в породу (репер); 2 - дальномер; 3 - стена подземного тоннеля; 4 - лазерный луч; 5 - контрольная точка 223