Вестник МГТУ. 2020, Т. 23, № 1.

- waterproofing of tailings and sludge storage facilities, storage tanks, sedimentation tanks, etc; - soil stabilization in civil engineering. Given the huge amounts of mining and metals waste, the construction industry may become the primary consumer as a highly material-intensive one. Processing of waste into building materials is aimed at addressing social and environmental problems, improving the living conditions of the local residents, creating jobs. In the production of building materials from recycled waste, the economic efficiency can be measured as the environmental damage avoided and the associated reduction in compensatory payments. An urgent technological and economic challenge is producing composite building materials with improved performance characteristics. In particular, modern materials are expected to possess a combination of structural and operational properties, such as high strength at low density, stable thermal conductivity, durability, chemical and biological stability, fire safety. The developed building materials should ensure high energy efficiency of buildings and structures in the cold climate of the Russian Arctic. Especially important from an environmental and economic point of view is the use of recycled materials in the production of building materials (Munoz et al., 2016; etc). Some new methods have been developed for the production of glass, glass crystalline, ceramic, and hyper-pressed building materials from the mining and minerals industry's waste in the Murmansk region (Макаров и др., 2018; etc). It should be noted that the components of the new building material are exclusively waste, with no primary materials consumed. These approaches are fully consistent with the principles of the circular economy5and contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal 12. However, the use of existing technologies and proven approaches is hampered due to the poorly developed state policy governing the transition to the closed-loop economy and, consequently, the lack of regulatory and economic tools that would make existing technologies for the processing of anthropogenic resources relevant to the industry. Also, effective technologies have been designed to restore the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems disturbed by the mining and metals industry. The experiments conducted since 1997 on the development of scientifically based approaches to the restoration of the soil and vegetation cover in the areas affected by the copper and nickel industry - more than 80 ha in the vicinity of the city of Monchegorsk, more than 15 ha in the vicinity of the communities of Nickel and Zapolyarny - have demonstrated good results (Исаева и др., 2018). As a result of the experiments, a technology was developed for the accelerated reclamation of these areas based on using the carpet sod from perennial cereals in combination with vermiculite soil substitute, serpentinite and carbonatite mining and minerals waste (Иванова и др., 2014). To prevent pollution of aquatic ecosystems, a technology has been developed for the removal of mineral nitrogen compounds from wastewater using the biotechnology potential of higher plants and microorganisms. A floating bioplate and phytomat technology was developed for the sediment pond of the Kirovogorsk Open Pit Mine operated by JSC OLKON in the vicinity of Olenegorsk. It was shown that the bioplate technology is effective in the conditions of the Arctic. According to the experimental data, in 2013-2016 the content of ammonium and nitrite forms of nitrogen in the water of the sediment pond decreased to the MPC level, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen also began to decrease (Корнейкова и др., 2018). Biodiversity protection: Management approaches The Murmansk region due to its geographical location, has a common border with European countries, where special attention is paid to the quality of the environment, and should become the storefront of Russia as a nation that takes nature conservation seriously and adopts modern management practices in nature conservation. For this, it is necessary to take into account and simultaneously develop two main components - nature conservation and regional socio-economic development. The mining industry is a source of livelihood for a large share of the population of the Murmansk region, offering jobs and investing in the local development as part of the corporate social responsibility policies. However, despite a significant contribution to the region's economic sustainability, the mining industry poses significant risks to social sustainability. In our approach, social sustainability is interpreted as having two dimensions - procedural and contextual. Procedural social sustainability concerns planning and decision-making as part of mining operations. Contextual social sustainability encompasses specific local landscapes, including the historical experience of extractive industries and the prevailing views of the local community. Our research indicates that, from a procedural point of view, local communities need knowledge and understanding of environmental changes caused by the extraction and processing of minerals and want to be heard when decisions on mining are made. The contextual aspect of the social sustainability as applied to the Arctic communities is a dilemma, which is, on the one hand, anxiety about the negative impact of mining on the environment, and on the other hand, fears concerning the prospects of the Arctic communities, for example, in terms of employment opportunities, wages, quality of social infrastructure (Suopajarvi et al., 2016). Thus, there is a need for a constant 5 Towards a circular economy: A zero waste programme for Europe // OECD. URL: https://www.oecd.org/env/ outreach/EC-Circular-econonomy.pdf.