Вестник МГТУ. 2018, том 21, № 1.

Вестник МГТУ. 2018. Т. 21, № 1. С. 61–79. DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2018-21-1-61-79 75 of the mantle carbon transfer from the subduction zones to the rift systems. Thus, a crust-mantle component shall be added to the conventional branch of the crust-mantle carbon cycle. The scale of its manifestation is most likely not so large, and numerous small (mm and fractions of mm) particles of exogenic matter and dispersed carbon may form a stable geochemical tail of the crustal trend in the mantle that extends in the plane of moving convective currents. The scale of this process may indirectly be judged by the volumes of degassing hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide gases, as well as hydrogen and its compounds in the rift systems of the Earth crust. The paper is prepared within the framework of RSCF grant No. 14-5000095 and public contracts NoNo. 0231-2015-0008 and 0149-2014-0025. References 1. Uspensky V. A. Carbon balance in the biosphere in terms of carbon distribution in the Earth crust. Leningrad : Gostoptekhizdat. Leningrad Division, 1956. 101 p. 2. Burkov V. D., Krapivin V. F., Shalaev V. S. Balanced model of global biochemical carbon cycle // Forest Bulletin. 2012. N 9. P. 86–93. 3. Romankevich E. A., Vetrov A. A. Carbon masses in the Earth's hydrosphere // Geochemistry. 2013. N 6. P. 483–509. 4. Krapivin V. F., Shalaev V. S., Burkov V. D. Modelling of global carbon and methane cycles // Forestry Bulletin. 2015. N 1. P. 170–176. 5. Galimov E. M. Geochemistry of stable carbon isotopes. M. : Nedra, 1968. 226 p. 6. Dobretsov N. L., Shatskiy A. F. Deep carbon cycle and deep geodynamics: core and carbonatite melt role in the lower mantle // Geology and Geophysics. 2012. V. 53, N 11. P. 1455–1457. 7. Dobretsov N. L., Kulakov I. Yu., Litasov K. D., Kukarina E. V. The significance of geology, experimental petrology and seismic tomography for an integrated evaluation of subduction processes // Geology and Geophysics. 2015. V. 56, N 1–2. P. 21–55. 8. Sobolev N. V., Dobretsov N. L., Otani E., Teylor L. A., Shertl G.-P. [et al.]. Issues related to the crystal genesis and deep carbon cycle // Geology and Geophysics. 2015. V. 56, N 1–2. P. 5–20. 9. Zharikov V. A. Fundamentals of physical and chemical petrology. M. : MGU, 1976. 420 p. 10. Cooper B. S., Coleman S. H., Barnard P. C., Butterworth J. S. Paleotemperatures in the northern North Sea Basin. Petrology and Continental Shelf of North-West Europe // Geology. 1975. V. 1. P. 487–492. 11. Sorokhtin O. G., Mitrofanov F. P., Sorokhtin N. O. Diamond origin and perspectives of diamond content in the eastern part of the Baltic Shield. Apatity : KSC RAS, 1996. P. 144. 12. Sobolev N. V. Deep inclusions in kimberlites and issue of the upper mantle composition. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1974. 264 p. 13. Ringwood A. E., Major A. The system Mg 2 SiO 4 –Fe 2 SiO 4 at high pressures and temperatures // Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. 1970. V. 3. P. 89–108. 14. Dowson J. Kimberlites and related xenoliths. M. : Mir, 1983. 300 p. 15. Kennedy C. S., Kennedy G. C. The equilibrium boundary between graphite and diamond // Journal of Geophysical Research. 1976. V. 81: Solid Earth and Planets. P. 2467–2470. DOI: 10.1029/JB081i014p02467. 16. Yardley B. W. D., Rochelle C. A., Barnicoat A. C., Lloyd G. E. Oscillatory zoning in metamorphic minerals: an indicator of infiltration metasomatism // Mineralogical Magazine. 1991. V. 55. P. 357–365. 17. Cruse A. M., Seewald J. S. Geochemistry of low-molecular weight hydrocarbons in hydrothermal fluids from Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge // Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2006. V. 70, Iss. 8. P. 2073–2092. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.01.015. 18. Carrer P. Course of organic chemistry. Leningrad : Goshimizdat : Leningrad Division, 1962. XXIV. 1216 p. 19. Sorokhtin O. G. Lithospheric plate tectonics and origin of diamond-bearing kimberlites. M. : ONTI VIEMS, 1985. 47 p. 20. Sorokhtin O. G. Structure of continental lithospheric plates and origin of kimberlites // Issues of theoretical geodynamics and tectonics of lithospheric plates : digest of articles. M. : Publishers of Oceanological Institute AN SSSR, 1981. P. 161–168. 21. Naumov G. B., Ryzhenko B. N., Hodakovsky I. L. Reference book for thermodynamic values (for geologists). M. : Atomizdat, 1971. 239 p. 22. Kenney J. F., Kutcherov V. A., Bendeliani N. A., Alekseev V. A. The evolution of multicomponent system at high pressures: VI. The thermodynamic stability of the hydrogen – carbon system: The genesis of hydrocarbons and the origin of petroleum // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2002. V. 99 (17). P. 10976–10981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.172376899. 23. Kutcherov V. A., Bendeliani N. A., Alekseev V. A., Kenney J. F. Synthesis of hydrocarbons from minerals at pressures up to 5 Gpa // Doklady Physical Chemistry. 2002. V. 387, Iss. 4–6. P. 328–331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A :1021758915693.

RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTUzNzYz