Север и рынок. 2023, № 2.

СЕВЕР И РЫНОК: формирование экономического порядка. 2023. № 2. С. 189-200. Sever i rynok: formirovanie ekonomicheskogo poryadka [The North and the Market: Forming the Economic Order], 2023, no. 2, pp. 189-200. НАУЧНЫЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ Table 1 The geopolitical changes that took place in 20221 2022 Geopolitical Event 3 March Seven2of the eight Arctic Council State members announced a historic suspension of participation in all activities of the council3. This was followed on the same day by the Nordic Council of Members4suspended all cooperation with Russia5 4 March The European Commission and the Barents Euro-Arctic Council (BEAC)6suspended cooperation with Russia in research, science, and innovation7. Later, on 11 June 2022, the USA elected to stop "institutional, administrative, funding, and personnel relationships and research collaborations in the fields of science and technology with Russian government-affiliated research institutions and individuals"8 8 June The 7 Arctic States issued a joint statement on a limited resumption of projects that do not involve the participation of Russian activities9 October China refused to recognise the legitimacy of the limited resumption of the Arctic Council and stated that it will continue collaboration with Russia and other Arctic nations in pursuance of its interests10 1Compiled by the authors. 2Canada, Finland, Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the USA. 3 Zellen B. S. The World Needs the Arctic Council Now More than Ever / The Barents Observer. Published: 19.04.2022. URL: https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/opinions/2022/04/world-needs-arctic-council-now-more-ever/. 4 Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. 5 Aagaard N. Nordic Council of Ministers Suspends All Cooperation with Russia / Nordic Co-operation 2022. Published: 03.03.2022. URL: https://www.norden.org/en/news/nordic-council-ministers-suspends-all-co-operation-russia. 6BEAC member states include Russia, Finland, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the European Union. 7 Maria Gabriel. Commission Suspends Cooperation with Russia on Research and Innovation / European Commission: Statement on research by commissioner Maria Gabriel. Published: 04.03.2022. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_1544. 8 White House Press Release: Guidance on Scientific and Technological Cooperation with the Russian Federation for U. S. / Government and U. S. Government Affiliated Organizations. Published: 11.06.2022. URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/ostp/news-updates/2022/06/11/guidance-on-scientific- and-technological-cooperation-with-the-russian-federation-for-u-s-government-and-u-s-government-affiliated-organizations/. 9 Government of Canada Press Release: Blanchard A. Joint Statement on Limited Resumption of Arctic Council Cooperation. Global Affairs Canada, Government of Canada. Published: 08.06.2022. URL: https://wGovernment of Canada Press Release: ww.canada.ca/en/global- affairs/news/2022/06/joint-statement-on-limited-resumption-of-arctic-council-cooperation.html. 10 Schreiber M. China Will Not Recognize an Arctic Council without Russia, Envoy Says / Arctic Today. Published: 17.10.2022. URL: https://www.arctictoday.com/china-will-not-recognize-an-arctic-council-without-russia-envoy-says/. In summary, restrictions, imposed by funding agencies in Europe and the USA have restrained the sharing of data between scientists. Importantly, this is particularly evident in the field of permafrost research from Russia, a key source for this information and used to assist scientists to produce climate models predicting future warming patterns [4]. This lack of engagement is regrettable and is markedly contradictory to the legally abiding, 2017, "Agreement on Enhancing International Arctic Scientific Cooperation between the eight Arctic Council State members" [3] whose purpose is to enhance cooperation in scientific activities towards the development of scientific knowledge about the Arctic. These views are in line with the opinion of the authors of a recent book on science diplomacy in the Arctic Zaika Y., Riabova L. and Sergunin A. who say that in the current geopolitical situation scientific dialogue in the Arctic is necessary because environmental and socio­ economic processes in this region have a huge impact on the rest of the world [5, p. 173]. Furthermore, the suspension of activities within the Arctic Council carries across to activities of the 5 Asian Arctic Observer states, India, China, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore because the rules for Observer states is that their engagement inside the Arctic Council is at the level of Working Groups and they are not empowered to propose projects within these working groups [3]. The affairs of the Arctic Council (AC) are expected to remain in limbo for the foreseeable future, at least until the resolution of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. II. India as a non-Arctic State and Observer at the Arctic Council The Arctic is warming up to four times faster than the rest of the world. In March 2023, Arctic sea ice reached its fifth-smallest winter peak in 45 years. In 2019 the UN called the thawing of permafrost one of the top ten emerging issues of environmental concern14. Countries such as the United Kingdom, France, Germany, China, Japan, South Korea and India are taking special interest in many aspects 14UK Parliament, 27 March 2023 — The UK and the Arctic environment - evidence-session/#:~:text=Meeting%20details&text=The%20Arctic%20is% What does change inthe Arctic mean for the UK and the wider world? 20warming%20up,emerging%20issues%20of%20environmental%20concern. https://committees.parliament.uk/event/17917/formal-meeting-oral- ©Туинова С. С., Бакстер К., 2023 193