Север и рынок. 2023, № 2.
НАУЧНЫЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ Внимание Индии к изучению криосферы способствовало развитию исследований в области океанографии, состояния атмосферы, микробиологии и борьбы с загрязнением в Арктике. Нами показано, что Арктический регион имеет большое значение для Индии, поскольку процессы, идущие в нем, влияют на атмосферные, океанографические и биогеохимические циклы экосистемы Земли, особенно в Гималаях, которые обычно называют третьим полюсом. Арктика и Гималаи взаимосвязаны и имеют общие проблемы. Рассматривая, как деятельность Индии может помочь Арктическому региону, мы обнаружили, что Индия имеет одну из самых передовых космических программ в мире, ее опыт может быть полезен при обеспечении спутниковой связи в отдаленных районах. Мы также обратили внимание на то, что Индия может внести политический вклад в обеспечение стабильности между государствами АС. Мы пришли к выводу, что с учетом того, что Индия председательствует в Форуме G20 с декабря 2022 г., эта страна может выступать в качестве авторитетного илегитимного посредника для восстановления стабильности вАрктическом регионе. Форум G20 чрезвычайно актуален для Арктики, поскольку шесть из восьми постоянных членов АС и 12 из 13 наблюдателей АС представлены на Форуме G20, а повестка дня Форума G20 включает изменение климата, устойчивое развитие и защиту окружающей среды —вопросы, находящиеся под угрозой из-за сокращения научных исследований вАрктике. Ключевые слова: Арктика, Индия, неарктическое государство, геополитика, стратегия Благодарности: научное сообщение основано на результатах российско-английского исследования в рамках темы FMEZ-2023-009 «Стратегическое планирование развития Арктики в новых геоэкономических и политических условиях». Для цитирования: Туинова С. С., Бакстер К. Растущий интерес к Арктике со стороны неарктического государства Индия // Север и рынок: формирование экономического порядка. 2023. №2. С. 189-200. doi:10.37614/2220-802X.2.2023.80.013. СЕВЕР И РЫНОК: формирование экономического порядка. 2023. № 2. С. 189-200. Sever i rynok: formirovanie ekonomicheskogo poryadka [The North and the Market: Forming the Economic Order], 2023, no. 2, pp. 189-200. Introduction From as early as 1996, through the work of Sanjay Chaturvedi [1] (who proposed that the polar scene should be approached and understood in terms of its broader regional as well as its global contexts) to the more recent, 2023 work of Alexander Sergunin [2] (who investigates options to overcome obstacles towards implementing the "2017 Arctic Science Cooperation Agreement") many authors observed that the Arctic region has maintained a strong regional identity, underpinned by non-political cooperation across all its member states. Continued scientific participation between both Arctic and non-Arctic States has been the focus for promoting peaceful development within the region1. Today, in the light of events in 2022, the Arctic Council is suspended and a significant part of international joint activity in the Arctic is ceased2. India, as an Observer state to the Arctic Council on the one hand and an ever-peaceful country towards Russia on the other, is the focus of our research. This Research Communication examines how, and why, India's interest in Arctic affairs has changed in the period since it became an Arctic Observer state in 2013. The question is asked, as a non-Arctic state, what advantages can India offer to help the Arctic Council State members resume scientific research involving Russia? The Arctic region is crucial for India because processes in this region influence atmospheric, oceanographic and biogeochemical cycles of the Earth's ecosystem, especially within the Himalayas. Although geographically distant, the Arctic and the Himalayas, are interconnected and do share similar concerns. Arctic meltdown is leading the Indian scientific community to better understand glacial melts in the Himalayas. Commonly referred to as the Third Pole, the Himalayas are the source of many the major rivers that flow through India. Climate change occurring in the Arctic, while not fully understood, does influence the monsoons in India. India's agricultural operations are directly dependent upon the monsoons. Methods and data This research communication is based on the analysis of reports and media texts describing the role of India in Arctic affairs. Information is collected from authoritative websites and publications pertinent to the topic of this study. Only "content-neutral" and "context-unbiased" materials are referenced. Overtly nationalistic or jingoistic materials have been deliberately excluded. A graphical method is used to present the results of this research. Results and discussion I. Geopolitical interests in the Arctic and international memberships In our study, we looked to build a picture of Arctic geopolitical memberships, by asking which countries are regarded as accredited, Arctic Council State members, or Arctic Council Observers and what is India's position in Arctic geopolitical memberships. We then extended this picture to include the countries of the European Union and the Northern Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), both of which have become increasingly interested in the affairs of the Arctic in the last decade. It is noted that many Arctic State members or Observer countries do also have memberships in both the European Union and in NATO. 1Arctic Council — 25 years of Peace and Cooperation — Highlights from Arctic Frontiers. Published: 19/02/2021. URL: https://arctic-council.org/news/25- years-of-peace-and-cooperation-highlights-from-the-arctic-frontiers-panel/. 2 Sharma B. A Suspended Arctic Council: New Hope with Norway's Chairmanship/ Russian International Affairs Council. Analytics and Comments. Published: 02/03/2023. URL: https://russiancouncil.ru/en/analytics-and- comments/columns/arctic-cooperation/a-suspended-arctic-council-new- hope-with-norway-s-chairmanship/#:~:text=The%20Arctic%20Council%2C% 20which%20in,to%20the%20conflict%20in%20Ukraine. ©Туинова С. С., Бакстер К., 2023 190
Made with FlippingBook
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTUzNzYz