Север и рынок. 2021, № 1.

Investment in technologies to monitor risks factors, such as sensors, need to be significant to be effective. Deployment needs to be localized in the right areas and the technology needs to be resistant to environmental factors that might impede function, such as corrosion, impact, and wildlife activity [10]. In some instances, pollution sensors deployed in Canada have been located in areas less likely to encounter pollution loads, making them ineffective. Scarce, obstructed, or low-sensitivity sensors serve mostly as decoration [11]. F ig . 1. Transit by Type of Vessels in the Arctic during 2018 [18] F ig . 2. Transit in the Arctic by quantity of ships and by type of ships [14] Logistic risk is highest at loading, offloading to transportation centers during high winds or during strong currents. Climatic conditions are unpredictable but modern sensors can be located in places where there have been past events and can show early warning in case o f recurrence. Furthermore, these sensors can be coordinated with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning that can recognize patterns in the data that might indicate a higher risk as it happens. These technologies have been proven to be very useful in ecologically vulnerable zones and where human lives might be at risk [19]. Equipment and human error have been one o f the leading causes o f industrial and energy disasters. Human error exposure should be 7