Север и рынок. 2016, N 4.

FOREIGHN TRADE POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: CHALLENGES, PR IOR IT IES AND IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS U. S. Alimbetov , Dr. Sc. (Economics), Professor East Kazakhstan State University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Republic of Kazakhstan A. A. Apysheva, PhD (Economics), Associate Professor East Kazakhstan State University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Republic of Kazakhstan G. E. Kenespaeva, Master Degree Student East Kazakhstan State University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Republic of Kazakhstan A. D. M u sa k h a n Master Degree Student East Kazakhstan State University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Republic of Kazakhstan H. B. Zhanuzakova Master Degree Student East Kazakhstan State University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Republic of Kazakhstan T. Zharkhanova Master Degree Student East Kazakhstan State University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Republic of Kazakhstan Abstract. Foreign trade policy of the state, state role in regulation of foreign trade relations have been considered using the Republic of Kazakhstan as a case study. Ideas and visions of the Western research schools have been analyzed. Based on the theoretical provisions, alternative coefficients of commodities exports and imports were developed. It has been shown that at the present stage rationalization of export and import structures are of special significance for the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Republican import structure is aimed at meeting consumer demands. The main feature of the export structure is its mono-focus, which is not typical for the global export. Mono-focus implies that the exports are constituted of several exported commodities, mainly, fuel resources. In turn, it results in the narrowness of nomenclature of exported commodities, raw material focus of the economy, and also leads to a high dependency on the price situation at the global markets of fuel and raw materials. The direction the foreign economic policy will have and how efficiently the export potential will be used will determine participation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the international labor division and its entering the 50 competitive countries of the world list. Using the foreign experience, there have been considered the measures of stimulating foreign trade and such tools as state capital investment, targeted subsidies, privileged loans, contracts for development of new products and technologies. It has been proposed to classify the foreign trade policy by the following criteria: duration; depending on the territorial unit; depending on participation in the international labor division; conceptual basis; methods used; sectoral basis; objects of foreign trade exchange; foreign trade flows; and functional focus. The features and the key aspects of implementation of a successful foreign trade policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan have been identified. Keywords: export and import structures, competitiveness, foreigntrade policy, benchmarking, coefficients of efficiency. Рост значимости внешнеторговой политики для экономики Республики Казахстан обусловлен расширением и углублением международной торговли товарами и услугами. Однако эффективность этой политики пока не столь высока. Коренным образом это связано с тем, что инструменты внешнеторговой политики не в полной мере связаны и согласованы с экономическими процессами, происходящими в стране. Актуальность проблемы усиливается в связи с объективно растущей потребностью занятия достойного места в международном разделении труда и с угрозой продовольственной безопасности. В данном направлении перед Республикой возникает целый ряд задач, решение которых, в частности, зависит от осуществления правительством четкой и продуманной внешнеторговой политики. К таковым можно отнести: улучшение структуры экспорта и импорта в сторону преобладания в экспорте товаров с высокой добавленной стоимостью, повышение конкурентоспособности отечественных товаров и услуг, развитие и совершенствование экспортных производств. 225