Север и рынок. 2015, N 1.

TERRITORIAL MEGAPROJECTS OF RUSSIA: ASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL AND MODERN EXPERIENCE I.V.Mitrofanova, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Leading Researcher, Institute of Social, Economic and Humanitarian Researches of the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia: Professor, Department of International and Regional Economics, Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia (mitrofanova@volsu.ru) A.N.Zhukov, Lecturer, Department of Economy and Management, Volgograd Institute of Business, Volgograd, Russia (labser@volsu.ru) I.A.Mitrofanova, PhD (Econ.), Associate Professor, Chair of Economics and Management, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia (mitrofanovaia@rambler.ru) G.I.Starokozheva, PhD (Econ.), Associate Professor, Department of State and Municipal Management, Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia (stargala@yandex.ru) Abstract. The phenomenon of megaprojects use as an instrument of development of territories has not been studied thoroughly by the national economic science that has as its direct consequence the deficit of research directed to an integrated, comparative analysis of creation and realization of territorial megaprojects in Russia and other countries. The authors of the article set the goal to partly fill in this gap. A large-scale investment project can obtain the status of a megaproject only if it represents a long term funds consuming project characterized by complexity, high costs, systematic character and relevance of the realized targets. In the modern Russia reconstruction of historical territorial megaprojects and realization of new ones as a relevant tool of strategic territorial management is becoming the manifestation of contemporary institutional, organizational and informational transformations of the economic space of the global economic system. In contrast to financial investments, megaprojects are oriented to a real material result, having a considerable prolonged impact on changes in the economic space. On the basis of historical infrastructural megaprojects: construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway and Baykal- Amur Mainline the reasons of their successfulness and failures are studied. Meanwhile sustainable development of the regions of the Far East and Zabaikalye, solution of important federal and regional tasks of the resource use, industrial and transit potential of the country’s East today is mainly connected to implementation of the integrated infrastructural project of Baykal-Amur Mainline and the Trans- Siberian Railway reconstruction. The article reveals the plans of the Russian Federation Government concerning the modernization of these infrastructural megaprojects that will increase the capacity of Baykal-Amur Mainline and the Trans-Siberian Railway up to 75 million tons a year by 2020. The stages of the life cycle are displayed and there are revealed the reasons of rebranding the modern megaproject "Ural Industrial - Ural Polar" that was directed to formation of a new economic framework in the Ural Federal District, creation of prerequisites for its problematic regions development. The authors come to the conclusion that this strategically important project has transformed into a conglomerate of not connected by a common conception local investment projects that many times weakened the complex integration effect from its implementation. Key words: strategic management, territorial development, territorial megaprojects Trans-Siberian Railway, Baykal-Amur Mainline, «Ural Industrial - Ural Polar», rebranding, risks. Феномен мегапроекта как инструмент развития территорий пока мало изучен отечественной экономической наукой, и, как следствие, имеет место дефицит исследований, направленных на комплексный, компаративный анализ процессов формирования и реализации территориальных мегапроектов в России. Целевая ориентация мегапроекта связана с решением комплексной проблемы системного характера, направленной на обеспечение оптимальных параметров устойчивого, конкурентоспособного, безопасного и сбалансированного развития социохозяйственных систем того или иного иерархического уровня [1, с. 2-3]. Особенности, свойственные проектам такого уровня, статуса и масштаба: • территориальные мегапроекты обеспечивают совершенствование существующих и формирование новых территориальных пропорций и эффективных интеграционных межрегиональных связей, на длительную перспективу определяющих общность интересов региональных систем, что усиливает возможности рационального использования преимуществ 75