Север и рынок. 2014, N 5.

same process as Schefferville, i.e. abandoned by 2000 after the iron ore resource has been depleted, and the inhabitants (peak employment 860 persons, total population around 3.500 inhabitants) eventually relocated. But in contrary to Qullissat and Schefferville, the citizens have fought for their town, and this public resistance so far seem to have been successful (Paradis, 2002). With no more iron ore, the inhabitants are considering turning the town into a regional centre primarily based on tourism. Among stories in Canada regarding a successful creation of integrated activities has been the recent development of the oil and gas activities in Atlantic Canada where the integration of local communities in the development process has been crucial. The key factor in this process has been The Atlantic Accord which has acted as an important tool for the promotion of a clear focus on the potentials of a positive interaction between the project and the surrounding communities have been a vital part of the process (Rasmussen 2000b; Canada - Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board 1999; Department of Industry Trade and Technology 1998; Storey and Hamilton 2003). How, where, and when mobile labour meet locally based labour As stressed by OECD (1996), there is a very close connection between the development of business structures and the labour market on one side, and between the labour market and the qualification structure on the other. As a crucial element, and decisive for the development process, is the development of technologies, and especially the possibility of the local community to be an active partner in this process, and thereby benefiting from the process. Not only as a passive bystander just exposed to the new technologies, but as an active part directly involved in the transformation and development process. Even these comments are referring to a contemporary discussion regarding characteristics of industry structure and business development, it also fits very well as a starting point regarding the analysis of the role of resource development in the contemporary development process in both Iceland and Greenland. A crucial element in this dynamic is the influence of the development on the local labour market, because the involvement of people, either directly through workplaces in the industries, or indirectly through jobs created in adjacent activities, constitutes one of the most important links between the industry and the local communities (Rasmussen and Jensen 2000; OECD 1996; Keddeman 1998). Without this link the benefits of resource development just act as another transfer payment for a period of time giving a smaller or larger part of the population access to increased purchasing power, but with no enduring effects. The creation, in contrary, of new jobs in related industries may often be the starting point of more enduring activities after activities in the primary production has stopped (Freudenburg 1988; Freudenburg and Gramling 1992), while when missing, more enduring results of resource development may not appear, and the community only go through the characteristics of a boom-and-bust cycle, often leaving the community in a worse situation than before the activity started, due to a depriving of the traditional economic and social structures, without options for alternatives (Bowles 1982; Omara-Ojungu 1992). As discussed in Rasmussen (2003) and Storey and Hamilton (2003), the involvement of the labour market is a crucial element in the interaction between the community and the mining and energy production, where the concept of labour market multipliers can be applied in order to provide a measure of the total involvement of the local labour market in the project. The need of skilled labour force generates a number of positive effects on the communities. First of all it is necessary to develop the local qualifications, and this in turn generates a demand of more advanced education activities which eventually leads to a general improvement of the qualifications of the local labour force (Oldroyd, op. cit). Secondly this demand often results in a general improvement of the available services, which creates new jobs and thereby a more open and dynamic economy. And in addition, the pressure on more advanced qualifications eventually leads to a more innovative milieu which is a substantial part of the development of new economic activities. 6