Север и рынок. 2013, N 3.

considers all these factors, is the necessary pre-requisite for migration to become a positive trend in the development o f Russia and adjacent countries. Noteworthy, today the role o f migration of the CIS countries population into Russia is underestimated. By means of migration the acute social contradictions decrease, and the CIS countries get an opportunity to develop their market economy, thus creating the background for the united economic space establishment within the CIS borders. Concerning geopolitical interests of Russia, the stability in adjacent countries is difficult to overestimate. All the above said aspects allow to evaluate migration processes as new possibilities, created by the international labor migration for the mutual development o f Russia and the CIS. So, in the modern circumstances the migration policy o f Russia must be oriented towards better usage o f immigrant remittances, which can support development o f Russian and CIS economies. Russia has always been a contributor for the most of the USSR republics. In previous times the republics depended of financial backing o f their economies and got it without any restrictions; today the CIS countries depends on immigrant remittances from those citizens, who come to Russia for paid work. Russian money transfer branch keeps increasing in 60-70% every year, comparing to the world sector increase only in 20% for the same period [2]. About 80% o f all money transfer is conducted for the CIS countries (Ukraine, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Moldova, and Georgia). The average sum o f such transfers comprises circa $643. Over the last 4 years immigrant remittances has grown in 8 times. The total volume o f cash transfers from Russia to other countries, performed by natural persons for the accounts o f natural persons via money remitters, has exceeded 9.4 billion USD [2]. As in the whole world, money remittances prevent balance o f payments crisis o f the less developed CIS countries: they free bond restrictions, which are applied by the official banking sector onto small investments; they create stable effective demands. Meeting the demands is possible also at the local expenses. The products manufacture develops, agricultural and food products shares in markets and trading system increase. On the other side, revival o f the commodity market is accompanied with the production growth, increase of turnover goods volume between Russia and the CIS countries. It is worth to mention, that unofficial money flows related to the official part is larger in Russia comparing to the other world’s regions. Experts summarize, that the total volume o f unofficial transfers is 2­ 3 times greater, than official ones. So we can suppose, that together official and unofficial remittances may combine from 10 to 50% o f the GDP o f countries, which are the recipients of cash transfers from Russia [2]. As far as money remittances are target provided, they are used by those who earned them also for their business development. Unfortunately, the state shows no interest to such business development. In its turn Russia does not use this factor as an instrument for the adjacent countries development. The only interested side is the business itselfwhich has taken the mission of improvement of the financial infrastructure. When the importance of immigrant remittances flows has become obvious, Russian banks get active in the cash transfer services sector. Apart from the well-known developed systems o f Western Union and MoneyGram in Russia, a number o f home systems have appeared. Today the following money transfer systems may be found in Russia: Anelik, Contact, InterExpress, Migom, PrivatMoney, Ria Envia, STB- Express, Travelex Worldwide Money Ltd, UNIStream, YIP Money Transfer, Bystraya Pochta, Guta Sprint, Zolotaya Korona, and also the remittance system CyberDengi o f the Russian Post [1]. We can notice that today volumes o f money transfers via the Russian banks’ systems grow rapidly. Concerning the prospects o f the further formation of the financial infrastructure o f money transfers, great possibilities may be found in the credit cooperation and close integration o f banks and post operation, which has not been active yet. Once it is fully developed, the global availability o f remittance systems is possible, which in future may redirect unofficial money flows of immigrants’ remittances into official channels. It is very important, that establishment and development o f such systems may at the same time form infrastructure o f the retail financial services, which allows for diversification o f money remittance systems, connecting them to various programs: payment for utility services, repayment o f loans to banks, development o f e-commerce via Internet and many others. The significance o f these systems for Russia and the CIS countries is rather high, as provision o f these services to end-consumers is the strategic task for market infrastructure enhancement, which is the necessary background for economic growth [2]. Modern Russian environment can’t resolve the acute problem o f brain drain, which results in great financial losses for the country. According to the UN statistics, the brain drain costs Russia 25 billion USD per year. The existing methods o f evaluation o f direct and consequential losses show different figures; however, one fact is obvious - the social and economic results o f migration of highly qualified specialists are far-reaching. Thus, the research, conducted by the ‘Marketing and Consulting’ Information Analytical 76