МурманшельфИнфо. 2014, N 2 (25).

 íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ëàáîðàòîðèÿ Ìóðìàíñêîãî ÖÑÌ èìå- åò òðè àíàëèòè÷åñêèõ çàëà äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ èññëåäîâàíèé íåôòè ïî ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèì ïîêàçàòåëÿì, 2 êëèìàòè÷åñêèå êîìíàòû äëÿ ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ è èçó÷åíèÿ ïîâåäåíèÿ íåôòè ïðè âçàèìîäåéñòâèè ñ ìîðñêîé âîäîé ïðè íèçêèõ òåìïåðà- òóðàõ (îò 0 î Ñ è âûøå). Îíà îñíàùåíà ñîâðåìåííûì îáîðó- äîâàíèåì, â òîì ÷èñëå ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûì, ñîòðóäíèêè ïðîøëè îáó÷åíèå è ñòàæèðîâêè â èíñòèòóòå «ÑÈÍÒÅÔ». Âñå- ãî çà 2008-2014 ãã. â ëàáîðàòîðèè ïðîâåäåíû èññëåäîâàíèÿ 25 ïðîá ðîññèéñêîé íåôòè. Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì èññëåäîâàíèé ôîðìèðóåòñÿ áàíê äàííûõ, êîòîðûé âêëþ÷àåò èíôîðìàöèþ î ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèõ õàðàêòåðèñòèêàõ ñûðîé íåôòè (ïëîò- íîñòü, òåìïåðàòóðà âñïûøêè, òåìïåðàòóðà çàñòûâàíèÿ, óãëåâîäîðîäíûé ñîñòàâ, èñòèííàÿ òî÷êà êèïåíèÿ, ñîäåðæà- íèå ïàðàôèíîâ, àñôàëüòåíîâ, ñåðû, äèíàìè÷åñêàÿ âÿçêîñòü ïðè íèçêèõ òåìïåðàòóðàõ); î ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèõ õàðàêòå- ðèñòèêàõ îòáåíçèíåííûõ ôðàêöèé (ïëîòíîñòü, òåìïåðàòóðà âñïûøêè, òåìïåðàòóðà çàñòûâàíèÿ, óãëåâîäîðîäíûé ñîñòàâ, âîäîïîãëîùåíèå, äèíàìè÷åñêàÿ âÿçêîñòü ïðè íèçêèõ òåìïå- ðàòóðàõ); î ñâîéñòâàõ âîäîíåôòÿíûõ ýìóëüñèé (ñòàáèëüíîñòü ýìóëüñèè, ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ïðèìåíåíèÿ äåýìóëüãàòîðà, äèíà- ìè÷åñêàÿ âÿçêîñòü ïðè íèçêèõ òåìïåðàòóðàõ); äàííûå ìàê- ñèìàëüíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ âÿçêîñòè äëÿ õèìè÷åñêîé äèñïåðñèè. Ïëàíèðóåòñÿ ðàñøèðåíèå îáëàñòè èññëåäîâàíèé íåôòè ïî ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèì õàðàêòåðèñòèêàì (äàâëåíèå íàñûùåííûõ ïàðîâ, ñîäåðæàíèå ñåðîâîäîðîäà, õëîðèñòûõ ñîëåé, ìåòèë- è ýòèëìåðêàïòàíîâ, ìåõàíè÷åñêèõ ïðèìåñåé) äëÿ óãëóáëåííîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñ öåëüþ ñîçäàíèÿ áîëåå òî÷íîé ìîäåëè èçìå- íåíèÿ ñâîéñòâ è ïîâåäåíèÿ íåôòè â ìîðñêîé âîäå; ðàññìàòðè- âàåòñÿ âîçìîæíîñòü ïðîâåäåíèÿ èññëåäîâàíèé êóïàæèðîâàí- íîé (áóíêåðíîé) íåôòè ïî ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèì ïîêàçàòåëÿì ñ ó÷åòîì ðàñøèðåííîé îáëàñòè èññëåäîâàíèé, à òàêæå îñâîå- íèå ìåòîäèê èäåíòèôèêàöèè êóïàæèðîâàííîé íåôòè ìåòîäà- ìè õðîìàòî-ìàññ-ñïåêòðîìåòðèè, ãàçîâîé è æèäêîñòíîé õðî- ìàòîãðàôèè, ÈÊ-ñïåêòðîìåòðèè, àòîìíîé àáñîðáöèè ñ öåëüþ äåòàëèçèðîâàííîé èäåíòèôèêàöèè íåôòè. Êàê ðàáîòàåò ñèñòåìà ËÐÍ ñ ó÷åòîì èíôîðìàöèè èç áàí- êà äàííûõ íåôòè? Ïðè àâàðèè îïåðàòèâíî âêëþ÷àåòñÿ ìåõà- íèçì èäåíòèôèêàöèè ðàçëèâøåéñÿ íåôòè ïî áàíêó äàííûõ, âûïîëíÿåòñÿ ðàñ÷åò ïîâåäåíèÿ è äðåéôà íåôòè â êîíêðåòíûõ ìåòåîðîëîãè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèÿõ íà êîíêðåòíûé ìîìåíò âðåìå- íè, ïåðåäà÷à èíôîðìàöèè ñèëàì ðåàãèðîâàíèÿ. Ïðîãíîçíûå äàííûå ïîçâîëÿþò áîëåå òî÷íî ðàññ÷èòàòü íåîáõîäèìûå ñèëû, ñðåäñòâà è âûáðàòü íàèáîëåå ýôôåêòèâíûé ñïîñîá ëèêâèäàöèè ðàçëèâà ñ ìèíèìèçàöèåé çàòðàò è óùåðáà äëÿ îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû.  äåéñòâóþùåé ñèñòåìå ËÐÍ â ñîîòâåò- ñòâèè ñ Ïîñòàíîâëåíèåì Ïðàâèòåëüñòâà ÐÔ îò 21.08.2000 N 613 ýòè äàííûå íå ó÷èòûâàþòñÿ è íå èñïîëüçóþòñÿ. Îäíà- êî, ïðè âûïîëíåíèè ëþáûõ äåéñòâèé â Àðêòèêå ãëàâíûì ïðè- îðèòåòîì äëÿ íåôòÿíûõ è òðàíñïîðòíûõ êîìïàíèé äîëæíà îñòàâàòüñÿ îõðàíà îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû, ïîýòîìó åñòü óâåðåí- íîñòü, ÷òî íîâàÿ òåõíîëîãèÿ ËÐÍ áóäåò âîñòðåáîâàíà. Ðîññèÿ è Íîðâåãèÿ, ÿâëÿþùèåñÿ áëèæàéøèìè ñîñåäÿìè, ïðîæèâàþùèìè è îñóùåñòâëÿþùèìè ýêîíîìè÷åñêóþ äåÿ- òåëüíîñòü â Àðêòè÷åñêîì ðåãèîíå, æèçíåííî çàèíòåðåñî- âàíû â ñîõðàíåíèè ïðèðîäíûõ ðåñóðñîâ Êðàéíåãî Ñåâåðà. Óæå ìíîãî ëåò íàøè ñòðàíû ñîòðóäíè÷àþò â ñôåðå çàùè- òû ñåâåðíûõ ìîðåé îò íåôòÿíûõ çàãðÿçíåíèé. Ïðè ýòîì Íîðâåãèåé íàêîïëåí áîãàòûé îïûò â îðãàíèçàöèè ðàáîò ïî ëèêâèäàöèè ðàçëèâîâ, îñíîâàííûé íà çíàíèè èçìåíåíèÿ ñâîéñòâ íåôòè è åå ïîâåäåíèÿ â ìîðñêîé âîäå. Ïîëó÷åíèå ýòèõ çíàíèé î ðîññèéñêîé íåôòè íå òîëüêî àêòóàëüíî, íî è áóäåò ñïîñîáñòâîâàòü ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèþ ìåæäóíàðîäíî- ãî âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ.  Ðîññèÿ, 183001, ã. Ìóðìàíñê, óë. Ôåñòèâàëüíàÿ, 25 Òåë.: (8152) 47-23-56, ôàêñ (8152) 28-60-00 e-mail: mcsm@mcsm.ru http://www.mcsm.ru necessary forces and measures allows choosing the most effective way to liquidate oil spill with minimum environmental damage. According to Government Regulation of Russian Federation № 613 from 21.08.2000, current OSR system does not take these data into account. However, all oil and gas companies who carry out their operations in the Arctic region should put the environmental safety on the first place, in other case new OSR technology will not be in demand. Both Russia and Norway, two neighboring countries which live and have business activity in the Arctic zone, are interested in prevention of natural resources of High North. Russia and Norway have been cooperation in the sphere of prevention of northern seas from oil pollution for the long period of time. By the way, Norway has got impressive experience in organizing oil spill response operations. This experience bases on knowledge about changes of oil properties and its performance in sea water. These pieces of knowledge are not only useful for development of oil spill response operations in this country but they also help to improve international cooperation in that sphere.  25, Festivalnaya St, 183001 Murmansk, Russia Tel.: (8152) 47-23-56, Fax (8152) 28-60-00 e-mail: mcsm@mcsm.ru http://www.mcsm.ru October 2014 № 2 (25) MurmanshelfInfo 25