МурманшельфИнфо. 2014, N 2 (25).

ñèñòåìû ñòàëè Ìóðìàíñêèé ÖÑÌ, ÌÑÑ «Ðîñìîððå÷ôëîò» è Ãèäðîìåòåîñëóæáà, íà êàæäîãî èç êîòîðûõ áûëè âîçëîæåíû ñâîè çàäà÷è. Íà áàçå Ìóðìàíñêîãî ÖÑÌ áûëà ñîçäàíà è â 2008 ãîäó ââåäåíà â ýêñïëóàòàöèþ ëàáîðàòîðèÿ äëÿ ïðî- âåäåíèÿ èññëåäîâàíèé íåôòè ïî ìåòîäèêàì íîðâåæñêîãî èíñòèòóòà «ÑÈÍÒÅÔ».  Ãèäðîìåòåîñëóæáå áûëè óñòàíîâ- ëåíû ïðîãðàììíûå ïðîäóêòû «ÑÈÍÒÅÔ»: ìîäåëü èçìåíåíèÿ ñâîéñòâ íåôòè (OWM) è ìîäåëü äðåéôà è ïîâåäåíèÿ íåôòÿ- íîãî ïÿòíà ïðè ðàçëèâàõ (OSCAR). ÌÑÑ «Ðîñìîððå÷ôëîò» ïîëó÷èëà ñîâðåìåííîå îáîðóäîâàíèå äëÿ ñáîðà íåôòè.  2012 ãîäó íà÷àòûå ðàáîòû ïîëó÷èëè ðàçâèòèå â ðàìêàõ ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ïðîåêòà «Ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèå ñèñòåìû ðåà- ãèðîâàíèÿ íà àâàðèéíûå ðàçëèâû íåôòè è íåôòåïðîäóêòîâ ïóòåì ñîçäàíèÿ áàíêà äàííûõ íåôòè» (ÊÎ 437) Ïðîãðàììû ïðèãðàíè÷íîãî ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà Åâðîïåéñêîãî èíñòðóìåíòà ñîñåäñòâà è ïàðòíåðñòâà «Êîëàðêòèê ÈÅÑÏ ÏÑ 2007-2013», êîòîðûé çàâåðøàåòñÿ â äåêàáðå 2014 ãîäà. Åãî ôèíàíñè- ðîâàíèå îñóùåñòâëÿþò ÅÑ, Ðîññèÿ, Ôèíëÿíäèÿ è Íîðâåãèÿ. Ïðîåêò ïîçâîëèë ïðîâåñòè èññëåäîâàíèÿ 12 ïðîá ðîññèé- ñêîé íåôòè, ñîçäàòü ìîäåëè èçìåíåíèÿ ñâîéñòâ è ïîâåäåíèÿ íåôòè ïðè òèïè÷íûõ çèìíåé è ëåòíåé òåìïåðàòóðàõ âîäû Áà- ðåíöåâà ìîðÿ, ïðîâåñòè ìåæäóíàðîäíûå ó÷åíèÿ, ïðîäîëæèòü ôîðìèðîâàíèå áàíêà äàííûõ íåôòè. Ïî åãî ðåçóëüòàòàì áó- äóò ðàçðàáîòàíû ðåêîìåíäàöèè äëÿ ðîññèéñêèõ íåôòÿíûõ êîìïàíèé, îñóùåñòâëÿþùèõ ïëàíèðîâàíèå è îðãàíèçàöèþ ËÐÍ, î íåîáõîäèìîñòè ó÷åòà èíôîðìàöèè îá èçìåíåíèè ñâîéñòâ íåôòè è ïîâåäåíèÿ íåôòÿíîãî ïÿòíà â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ìåòåóñëîâèé è âðåìåíè íàõîæäåíèÿ â ìîðñêîé âîäå.  îñíîâå ëàáîðàòîðíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ëåæàò èçìåíåíèÿ ôèçè÷åñêèõ è õèìè÷åñêèõ ñâîéñòâ íåôòè è åå ïîâåäåíèÿ ïðè ïîïàäàíèè â ìîðå. Ïðè ðàçëèâå ïðîèñõîäèò ðÿä åñòåñòâåí- íûõ ïðîöåññîâ: ðàñòåêàíèå, èñïàðåíèå, îáðàçîâàíèå âîäî- íåôòÿíîé ýìóëüñèè, äèñïåðãèðîâàíèå òèïà íåôòü â âîäå, êîòîðûå ìîäåëèðóþòñÿ â ëàáîðàòîðíûõ óñëîâèÿõ íà ïðîáàõ ðàçíûõ òèïîâ íåôòè. Ýòè èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðèíöèïèàëüíî îò- ëè÷àþòñÿ îò èñïûòàíèé íåôòè ïî ÃÎÑÒó.  ëàáîðàòîðíûõ óñëîâèÿõ ñîçäàþòñÿ îáðàçöû âûâåòðåííîé íåôòè ïóòåì îò- áåíçèíèâàíèÿ ñûðîé íåôòè, êîòîðûå ñîîòâåòñòâóþò ðàçíûì ïåðèîäàì âðåìåíè íàõîæäåíèÿ íåôòè íà ïîâåðõíîñòè ìîðÿ. Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðîâîäÿòñÿ â óñëîâèÿõ, èìèòèðóþùèõ ìîðñêóþ ñðåäó (èñïîëüçîâàíèå ìîðñêîé âîäû, âîëíåíèÿ ìîðÿ, ðàçíûõ òåìïåðàòóð ìîðñêîé âîäû). Èññëåäîâàíèå âêëþ÷àåò: îïðå- äåëåíèå ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ñûðîé íåôòè è îáðàçöîâ âûâåòðåííîé íåôòè, èçó÷åíèå èõ âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ñ ìîðñêîé âîäîé ïðè ðàçíûõ òåìïåðàòóðàõ (òåñòèðîâàíèå íà âîäîïîãëîùåíèå, ñîçäàíèå âîäîíåôòÿíûõ ýìóëüñèé ñ äàëüíåéøèì îïðåäåëåíèåì èõ âÿçêîñòè, ñòàáèëüíîñòü âî- äîíåôòÿíûõ ýìóëüñèé, âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ñ äåýìóëüãàòîðîì), èññëåäîâàíèå íåôòè íà äèñïåðñíîñòü ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê õèìè- ÷åñêèì äèñïåðãåíòàì. Íà îñíîâå ïîëó÷åííûõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ ñîçäàåòñÿ êîìïüþòåð- íàÿ ìîäåëü èçìåíåíèÿ ñâîéñòâ íåôòè â ìîðñêîé âîäå. Äàí- íàÿ ìîäåëü ñîîòíîñèò ñâîéñòâà íåôòè ñ âûáðàííûìè óñëî- âèÿìè (òîëùèíà ïëåíêè íåôòè/ýìóëüñèè, âîëíåíèå ìîðÿ, òåìïåðàòóðà ìîðñêîé âîäû, ñêîðîñòü âåòðà) è ïðîãíîçèðóåò ñêîðîñòü èçìåíåíèÿ ñâîéñòâ íåôòè è åå ïîâåäåíèå íà ìîð- ñêîé ïîâåðõíîñòè. Международное сотрудничество International cooperation Barents Sea both in winter and summer time; organizing international training; going further in formation of oil database. Those results will be used to form practical recommendations for Russian oil companies which sphere of activity is to plan and organize oil spill response operations. The main idea of that instruction is necessity to take into account information about oil nature and characteristics according to different meteorological conditions and time in sea water. The laboratory researches base on physicochemical changes of oil and its performance in sea water. When oil spill happens, there are some typical processes such as oil spreading, evaporation, formation of oil-water emulsion, dispersion of oil in the water. Now all processes with different types of oil are reconstructed in the laboratory. These studies are radically different from those of State Standard. Scientists form weathered oil samples by reducing of crude oil in various periods of time the oil is on the water surface. Researches are made in imitated sea area (using sea water, assessing wind velocity and temperature difference of water). According to the results, scientists make a computer model how oil properties change in sea water. This model compares oil properties with chosen conditions (for example, oil density, wave conditions, water temperature, and wind velocity) and predicts the changes of oil and its performance in the water. Nowadays laboratory of Murmansk CSM possesses three analytical rooms for carrying out researches of oil physicochemical properties, 2 climate rooms for modeling and studying of oil performance in low temperature (0° and above). The laboratory is equipped with modern specialized units, all employees have studied in the institute “SINTEF”. Total amount of oil probes is 25 (2008-2014). The results form oil data base which includes various information about physicochemical properties (oil density, flash point temperature, pour point temperature, hydrocarbon type composition, water saturation and dynamic viscosity at low temperature), information about oil in sea water emulsion (stability of oil-water emulsions, efficiency of demulsifying agent, dynamic viscosity at low temperature); data of maximum viscosity for chemical dispersion. Nowadays the Laboratory is planning further development of studies at physicochemical properties (they are pressure of condensed vapour, hydrogensulphidecontent, chlorides, methyl and methylmercaptans, mechanical particles) in order to get precise model of oil properties changes and its performance in sea water. There is also such possibility as to study physicochemical characteristics of blended (bunker) oil taking into account a wider spectrum of tests and probes as well as employing techniques of blended oil identification like chromate-mass-spectrographic technique, gas and liquid chromatography, IR spectrometry, atomic absorption for being able to make more detailed research of oil properties. So, what is the mechanism of OSR system with oil database? There is an oil spill, the system identifies the type of oil according to database, chooses the plan of further actions and oil drifting in definite meteorological conditions for concrete period of time, information is passed by response forces. The prediction also gives the information about 24 октябрь 2014 № 2 (25) МурманшельфИнфо