МурманшельфИнфо. 2014, N 2 (25).

Íà òîò ìîìåíò ìåæäó Ðîññèåé è Íîðâåãèåé óæå áûëî ïîäïèñàíî Ñîãëàøåíèå î ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâå â îáëàñòè îõ- ðàíû îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû îò 1992 ãîäà, êîòîðîå çàìå- íèëî àíàëîãè÷íûé äîãîâîð ìåæäó ÑÑÑÐ è Íîðâåãèåé îò 1988 ãîäà. Òåì íå ìåíåå, çàùèòå ìîðñêîé ñðåäû Áàðåí- öåâà ìîðÿ Ñòîðîíû ðåøèëè óäåëèòü îñîáîå âíèìàíèå, ïîñêîëüêó ëþáîå çíà÷èòåëüíîå çàãðÿçíåíèå â ýòîì ðàé- îíå íåèçáåæíî ñîçäàâàëî óãðîçó íåáëàãîïðèÿòíûõ ýêî- ëîãè÷åñêèõ ïîñëåäñòâèé äëÿ îáîèõ ãîñóäàðñòâ. Íà ñàìîì äåëå èñòîðèÿ ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà Ðîññèè è Íîðâåãèè â îáëàñòè ïðåäîòâðàùåíèÿ çàãðÿçíåíèÿ íåôòüþ Áàðåíöåâà ìîðÿ íà÷àëîñü åùå â Ñîâåòñêîì Ñîþçå. Ïåðâàÿ ñîâåòñêî-íîðâåæñêàÿ âñòðå÷à, ïîñâÿ- ùåííàÿ ýòîìó âîïðîñó, ñîñòîÿëàñü â 1990 ãîäó â Íîð- âåãèè, î ÷åì ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò óæå ñòàâøèé èñòîðè÷å- ñêèì «Ïðîòîêîë âñòðå÷è ïåðâîé ñîâåòñêî-íîðâåæñêîé ýêñïåðòíîé ãðóïïû ïî âîïðîñàì çàãðÿçíåíèÿ Áàðåí- öåâà ìîðÿ íåôòåïðîäóêòàìè, êîòîðàÿ ñîñòîÿëàñü â Íîðâåãèè, ã. Õîðòåí ñ 13 ïî 17 ôåâðàëÿ ïîä ïîêðîâè- òåëüñòâîì îáúåäèíåííîé êîìèññèè ïî îõðàíå îêðóæàþ- ùåé ñðåäû». Ïîâåñòêà òîé ïåðâîé âñòðå÷è âêëþ÷àëà âñåãî ëèøü òðè âîïðîñà, à èìåííî, «óçíàòü äðóã äðóãà», «ïîçíàêî- ìèòü äðóã äðóãà ñ íàöèîíàëüíûìè îðãàíèçàöèÿìè, îò- âåòñòâåííûìè çà ëèêâèäàöèþ ðàçëèâîâ íåôòè» è «ïðî- äåìîíñòðèðîâàòü òåõíè÷åñêèé è ïðàêòè÷åñêèé óðîâåíü ïî ëèêâèäàöèè íåôòÿíûõ ïÿòåí». Ñòîðîíû äîãîâîðèëèñü î ðåãóëÿðíîñòè âñòðå÷ ýêñïåðòíîé ãðóïïû, ñîñòàâèëè ïëàí äàëüíåéøåé ðàáîòû, ïðèíÿëè ðåøåíèå óñòàíîâèòü «ïðÿìóþ ëèíèþ» ñâÿçè äëÿ âçàèìíûõ äîêëàäîâ î çàãðÿç- íåíèÿõ, à òàêæå âûñêàçàëè èäåþ ïðîâåäåíèÿ ñîâìåñò- íûõ ó÷åíèé. Òîãäà æå âïåðâûå ïðîçâó÷àëà èäåÿ î íåîá- õîäèìîñòè ñîçäàíèÿ ñîâìåñòíîãî ïëàíà äåéñòâèé.  ñåíòÿáðå òîãî æå ãîäà â Ìóðìàíñêå ñîñòîÿëàñü âòî- ðàÿ âñòðå÷à ñîâåòñêî-íîðâåæñêîé ýêñïåðòíîé ãðóïïû, à óæå â 1991 ãîäó ñîñòîÿëèñü ïåðâûå ñîâìåñòíûå ó÷å- íèÿ Ðîññèè è Íîðâåãèè ïî ïðåäóïðåæäåíèþ íåôòÿíûõ çàãðÿçíåíèé è ðåàãèðîâàíèþ íà ðàçëèâû íåôòè â Áà- ðåíöåâîì ìîðå. Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì ó÷åíèé áûë ðàçðàáîòàí ñîâìåñòíûé ïëàí ðåàãèðîâàíèÿ íà ñëó÷àè àâàðèéíîãî çàãðÿçíåíèÿ ìîðñêîé ñðåäû. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïîäïèñàíèå â 1994 ãîäó Ñîãëàøåíèÿ ìåæäó Ðîññèåé è Íîðâåãèåé î ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâå â áîðü- áå ñ çàãðÿçíåíèåì íåôòüþ â Áàðåíöåâîì ìîðå ÿâèëîñü ðåçóëüòàòîì ðàáîòû, íà÷àòîé åùå â 1990 ãîäó. Îäíî- âðåìåííî ñ ïîäïèñàíèåì Ñîãëàøåíèÿ áûë ïîäïèñàí Ñîâìåñòíûé Ïëàí ÷ðåçâû÷àéíûõ ìåð íà ñëó÷àé çàãðÿç- íåíèÿ íåôòüþ â Áàðåíöåâîì ìîðå. Ïëàí èìååò ñòàòóñ îôèöèàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà, óñòàíàâëèâàþùåãî ðàìêè ñî- òðóäíè÷åñòâà êîìïåòåíòíûõ íàöèîíàëüíûõ îðãàíîâ Ðîñ- ñèè è Íîðâåãèè, îòâåòñòâåííûõ çà îáåñïå÷åíèå ãîòîâ- íîñòè è ðåàãèðîâàíèå íà ñëó÷àé çàãðÿçíåíèÿ íåôòüþ 1 , âêëþ÷àÿ îðãàíèçàöèþ è ïðîâåäåíèå ñîâìåñòíûõ ó÷åíèé è âñòðå÷ Ýêñïåðòíîé ãðóïïû, êîòîðàÿ ñ òåõ ïîð ñòàëà íàçûâàòüñÿ Ãðóïïîé ñîâìåñòíîãî ïëàíèðîâàíèÿ. Ñåãîäíÿ, ñïóñòÿ 20 ëåò, Ðîññèÿ è Íîðâåãèÿ äåìîí- ñòðèðóþò ñòàáèëüíûé è óñïåøíûé ïðèìåð ìåæãîñó- äàðñòâåííîãî ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà è îáìåíà ïðîôåññèî- íàëüíûì îïûòîì â îáëàñòè çàùèòû ìîðñêîé ñðåäû Áà- ðåíöåâà ìîðÿ îò ðàçëèâîâ íåôòè. Ñîâìåñòíûå ó÷åíèÿ è âñòðå÷è Ãðóïïû ñîâìåñòíîãî ïëàíèðîâàíèÿ ïðîèñõî- äÿò åæåãîäíî. Ñòîðîíû ïðîâîäÿò èíôîðìàöèîííûé îá- ìåí ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûìè äàííûìè, âûïîëíÿþò àíàëèç è îöåíêó çàâåðøåííûõ ó÷åíèé è ïëàíèðîâàíèå ñëåäóþ- ùèõ, ïîääåðæèâàþò â àêòóàëüíîì ñîñòîÿíèè Ñîâìåñò- íûé Ïëàí. Íà áàçå Ñåâåðíîãî ôèëèàëà Ìîðñïàññëóæáû 2 Ðîñìîððå÷ôëîòà èíñòðóêòîðàìè Íîðâåæñêîé Áåðåãî- âîé Àäìèíèñòðàöèè äëÿ ðîññèéñêèõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ðåãó- ëÿðíî ïðîâîäÿòñÿ êóðñû ïî ëèêâèäàöèè ðàçëèâîâ íåôòè ïî ïðîãðàììàì, îäîáðåííûì Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé ìîðñêîé îðãàíèçàöèåé (ÈÌÎ). In fact, the history of cooperation between Russia and Norway in the field of oil spill prevention in the Barents Sea started in the times of the Soviet Union. The first Soviet- Norwegian meeting that was dedicated to this issue took place in Norway in 1990 as evidenced by the historical “Protocol from the first meeting of the Norwegian-Soviet expert group on oil pollution in the Barents Sea held in Horten, Norway from 13 to 17 February under the auspice of the joint environmental commission”. The agenda of that first meeting included only 3 questions: 1. to get to know each other; 2. to familiarize each other on the national oil contingency organizations; 3. to demonstrate technical / practical oil combating facilities. Both parties agreed on continuing the meeting of the expert group on a regular basis, composed a plan for the future work and also decided to determine “the direct contact line” for mutual reports about the pollution as well as expressed the idea of conducting the joint exercises. Then for the first the idea of the necessity of creating a joint response plan was announced. In September 1990 the second meeting of the Soviet- Norwegian expert group took place in Murmansk and in 1991 the first joint Russian-Norwegian exercises on oil spill prevention and response in the Barents Sea were held. According to the results of the exercises a Joint response plan regarding the cases of accidental pollution of the marine environment was developed. Therefore, the Agreement between The Kingdom of Norway and The Russian Federation concerning Cooperation on the Combatment of Oil Pollution in the Barents Sea, signed in 1994, was the result of the joint work that began in 1990. Simultaneously with the Agreement the Joint Contingency Plan for the Combatment of Oil Pollution in the Barents Sea (The Joint Norwegian- Russian Contingency Plan for Oil Spill Response in the Barents Sea, nowadays) was signed. This plan has the status of the official document which determines the frames of cooperation between the competent national authorities of Russia and Norway who are responsible for the preparedness and response to oil spills 1 , including arrangement and conducting of joint exercises and meetings of the expert group which has been called the Joint Planning Group since that time. Today, 20 years later, Russia and Norway demonstrate a stable and successful example of the transnational cooperation and exchange of the professional experience in the field of protection of the marine environment of the Barents Sea fromoil spills. The joint exercises andmeetings of the Joint Planning Group are conducted annually. The parties exchange the professional information, carry out the analysis and assessment of the completed exercises and plan the future exercises and also keep the Joint Plan up to date. The trainers of the Norwegian Coastal 1 Íîðâåæñêàÿ Áåðåãîâàÿ Àäìèíèñòðàöèÿ è Ìîðñïàññëóæáà Ðîñìîððå÷ôëîòà 1 The Norwegian Coastal Administration and State Marine Emergency Salvage, Rescue and Pollution Prevention Coordination Service of the Russian Federation (SMPCSA) Международное сотрудничество International cooperation October 2014 № 2 (25) MurmanshelfInfo 19