МурманшельфИнфо. 2014, N 2 (25).

Îñâîåíèå ïîòåíöèàëüíûõ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé â ðàññìàòðè- âàåìûõ óñëîâèÿõ ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ ñ ïîìîùüþ ñòðîèòåëü- ñòâà èñêóññòâåííûõ îñòðîâîâ, ëåäîñòîéêèõ ñòàöèîíàðíûõ ïëàòôîðì (ËÑÏ). Âîçìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàíèå ñîâðåìåííûõ òåõíîëîãèé ñ ïîäâîäíûì çàêàí÷èâàíèåì ñêâàæèí. Áëèçêî ðàñïîëîæåííûå ê áåðåãó ñòðóêòóðû ïîëíîñòüþ èëè ÷àñ- òè÷íî ìîãóò îñâàèâàòü ñ áåðåãà áóðåíèåì ãîðèçîíòàëüíûõ ñêâàæèí. Óñïåõè òåõíîëîãèè ãîðèçîíòàëüíîãî áóðåíèÿ âíåñëè ñó- ùåñòâåííûå êîððåêòèâû â êîíöåïöèþ îñâîåíèÿ ïðèáðåæ- íûõ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé. Åñëè ðàíåå çàëåæè îñâàèâàëèñü ñ ïîìîùüþ èñêóññòâåííûõ îñòðîâîâ, äàìá, ýñòàêàä è ïîãðóæ- íûõ ïëàòôîðì, òî òåïåðü, (åñëè óäàëåííîñòü ìåñòîðîæäå- íèÿ îò áåðåãà íå ïðåâûøàåò 10-12 êì) èõ ðàöèîíàëüíåå (à òî÷íåå ýêîíîìè÷íåå) îñâàèâàòü ïóòåì áóðåíèÿ íàêëîí- íî-íàïðàâëåííûõ ñêâàæèí ñ áåðåãà â ñòîðîíó ìîðÿ. Ïðî- âîäêà ñâåðõïðîòÿæåííûõ ãîðèçîíòàëüíûõ ñòâîëîâ îñâîåíà â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ êîìïàíèÿìè ExxonMobil íà øåëüôå Ñà- õàëèíà íà ìåñòîðîæäåíèè ×àéâî-ìîðå (Chayvo Z-6, äëèíîé äî 11 òûñ.ì) [2], Total â Àðãåíòèíå (CN-1, äëèíîé 11184 ì), BP â Àíãëèè (Wytch Farm M-16, äëèíîé 11278 ì). Ïðèìåðîì ìîæåò ñëóæèòü îñâîåíèå íåôòÿíîãî ìåñòîðîæäåíèÿ Îäîï- òó-ìîðå â Îõîòñêîì ìîðå âáëèçè î-âà Ñàõàëèí. Ïî÷òè òàêèì æå îáðàçîì ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ ðàçðàáàòûâàòü þæíóþ ÷àñòü ìåñòîðîæäåíèÿ Âàðàíäåé-ìîðå íà àðêòè÷åñêîì øåëüôå â Ïå÷îðñêîì ìîðå [1]. Ïðè ðàñïîëîæåíèè ìåñòîðîæäåíèé íà ðàññòîÿíèè, äîïó- ñêàþùåì áóðåíèå ñêâàæèí ñ áåðåãà, âîçìîæíî èõ îñâîåíèå áåç èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ïëàòôîðì ñ ïîäãîòîâêîé ïðîäóêöèè íà áåðåãó, îäíàêî ïðè ýòîì ïîòðåáóåòñÿ ñîçäàíèå ñîîòâåò- ñòâóþùåé áåðåãîâîé èíôðàñòðóêòóðû. Äëÿ ñáîðà ïðîäóêöèè ìîðñêèõ ñêâàæèí ïîòðåáóåòñÿ áå- ðåãîâîé ðåçåðâóàðíûé ïàðê (ÁÐÏ) ñ ïåðâè÷íîé ïîäãîòîâêîé íåôòè. Íåîáõîäèìî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî â Íåíåöêîì àâòîíîìíîì îêðó- ãå (ÍÀÎ) óæå ñîçäàíà èíôðàñòðóêòóðà, îáåñïå÷èâàþùàÿ äîáû÷ó è òðàíñïîðòèðîâêó íåôòè ñ Òýäèíñêîãî, Þæíî-Øàï- êèíñêîãî, Èíçûðåéñêîãî ìåñòîðîæäåíèé Âàðàíäåéñêîé ãðóïïû (ñì.ðèñ.1). Ïî ïîñòðîåííîìó êîìïàíèåé «ËÓÊÎÉË» íåôòåïðîâîäó Õàðüÿãà-Óñèíñê íà ãîëîâíûå ñîîðóæåíèÿ ìà- ãèñòðàëüíîãî íåôòåïðîâîäà «Òðàíñíåôòè» ïåðåêà÷èâàåò- ñÿ íåôòü è äðóãèõ íåäðîïîëüçîâàòåëåé. Ýòîò òðóáîïðîâîä ÿâëÿåòñÿ íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü êðóïíåéøèì â ÍÀÎ. Ïðåä- ïîëàãàåòñÿ, ÷òî ýòó ñèñòåìó è Âàðàíäåéñêèé îòãðóçî÷íûé òåðìèíàë ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü â èíôðàñòðóêòóðå òðàíñïîð- òà íåôòè èç ïîòåíöèàëüíûõ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé Ïå÷îðñêîé ãóáû â êà÷åñòâå àëüòåðíàòèâû òðàäèöèîííîìó þæíîìó ìàðøðóòó ÷åðåç Óñèíñê-Óõòó-ßðîñëàâëü. Êîìïëåêñíîå îñâîåíèå âñåãî ó÷àñòêà ìîðÿ ìîæåò îáå- ñïå÷èòü ñòàáèëüíûé ãîäîâîé óðîâåíü äîáû÷è íåôòè â êî- ëè÷åñòâå 5-7 ìëí.ò â òå÷åíèå ïðàêòè÷åñêè 6-10 ëåò ïðè îïðåäåëåííîé î÷åðåäíîñòè ââîäà ñòðóêòóð ïî ãîäàì, îáó- ñëîâëåííîé óðîâíåì ðåíòàáåëüíîñòè èõ îñâîåíèÿ è òåõíè- ÷åñêèìè âîçìîæíîñòÿìè (ðèñ. 2).  öåëîì ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿ îöåíêà è òåõíè÷åñêàÿ ñòîðîíà îñ- âîåíèÿ ðåñóðñîâ ìåëêîâîäíîé ÷àñòè Ïå÷îðñêîãî ìîðÿ ñâè- äåòåëüñòâóþò îá ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé ýôôåêòèâíîñòè, êàê äëÿ Èí- âåñòîðà, òàê è äëÿ Ãîñóäàðñòâà. Ïðè ýòîì, â äàííûõ óñëîâèÿõ (ìåëêîâîäüå, àðêòè÷åñêèé êëèìàò) ìîãóò ðàçðàáàòûâàòüñÿ äàæå îòíîñèòåëüíî íåáîëüøèå îáúåêòû ñ èçâëåêàåìûìè çà- ïàñàìè íåôòè ïîðÿäêà 5 ìëí.ò. Äîñòè÷ü ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé ðåí- òàáåëüíîñòè ìîæíî, â ÷àñòíîñòè, åñëè îðèåíòèðîâàòüñÿ íà êîìïëåêñíîå îñâîåíèå ðåñóðñîâ ðàññìàòðèâàåìîãî ðàéîíà, ïðè êîòîðîì íàèáîëåå êðóïíûå è ïåðñïåêòèâíûå îáúåêòû áåðóò íà ñåáÿ îñíîâíóþ ÷àñòü ðàñõîäîâ ïî ñîçäàíèþ òðàíñ- ïîðòíîé (ìîðñêîé è áåðåãîâîé) èíôðàñòðóêòóðû. Ñëåäóåò òàêæå îòìåòèòü, ÷òî â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ íà ðàñ- ñìàòðèâàåìîì øåëüôå èçó÷åíà â îñíîâíîì âåðõíÿÿ ÷àñòü îñàäî÷íîãî ÷åõëà. Ïîýòîìó äàëüíåéøàÿ ïåðñïåêòèâà ðàç- âèòèÿ ðåãèîíà ñâÿçàíà ñ èçó÷åíèåì ãëóáîêîçàëåãàþùèõ îòëîæåíèé.  ñðåäíå-äåâîíñêî-íèæíåôðàíñêîì, âåðõíåñè- ëóðèéñêîì è íèæíåñèëóðèéñêîì êîìïëåêñàõ îöåíåííûå ðå- ñóðñû íåôòè â òåððèãåííûõ è êàðáîíàòíûõ êîëëåêòîðàõ íà ãëóáèíàõ 3600-5000 ì ñîñòàâëÿþò áîëåå 60 % îò ñóììàðíûõ èçâëåêàåìûõ ðåñóðñîâ ïî ðàññìàòðèâàåìîìó ðàéîíó. Âûÿâ- ëåííàÿ çàëåæü íåôòè â îòëîæåíèÿõ âåðõíåãî ñèëóðà íà ìå- ñòîðîæäåíèè Ìåäûíñêîå-ìîðå âñåëÿåò íàäåæäó íà òî, ÷òî è extended horizontal wells: “ExxonMobil” at Sakhalin shelf at Chayvo-sea (Chayvo Z-6, with length till 11 hundred meters), “Total” in Argentina (CN-1, length is 11 184 meters), “BP” in England (Wytch Farm M-16, length is 11 278 meters). One more example is oil field Odoptu-sea in the Sea of Okhotsk near Sakhalin. It is supposed to develop southern part of Varandey-sea at the Arctic shelf in the Pechora Sea in the same way. When production fields are located at appropriate distance from coast, it is possible to develop them without any platforms with preparation of operations. Still it demands relevant coastal infrastructure. For instance, it is necessary to have coastal storage plant with oil treatment for picking up the products of sea wells. It must be noted that Nenets Autonomous Area has already created infrastructure which provides oil extraction and transfer from Tedinsky, Yuzhno-Shapkinsky, Inzyreisky fields of Varandeiskaya group. (picture 1). Oil pipeline Khariyaga- Usinsk, built by “Lukoil” company, transfers oil and other subsurface users to main installations of oil-trunk pipeline “Transneft”. Nowadays this is the biggest pipeline in Nenets Autonomous Area. There is a theory to use this system and Varandeisky export terminal for transferring oil from potential reserves of Pechora Bay instead of traditional south way through Usinsk-Ukhta-Yaroslavl. Complex development of the whole sea part could provide stable annual oil level in 5-7 million tons during 6-10 years with formed order of structural input in accordance with annual viable level and their technical characteristics (picture 2). October 2014 № 2 (25) MurmanshelfInfo 11 Рис.2. Прогноз уровней добычи нефти при принятой очередности ввода в освоение перспективных структур Печорской губы. Pic. 2. Analyses of oil extraction level under accepted priority of starting development of prospective Pechora Bay structures In general, economic evaluation and technical side of development of resources in shallow waters of the Pechora Sea says about economic effectiveness both for Investor and Government. Besides, even small objects with extracting oil in 5 million tons could be developed in these conditions (shallow waters, arctic climate). Economic efficiency could be easily