МурманшельфИнфо. 2014, N 2 (25).

Возможные перспективы освоения потенциальных углеводородных ресурсов мелководных заливов арктических морей Possible variants to develop prospective hydrocarbon resources in shallow waters of arctic seas Леонид Кульпин 1,2, Валерий Савченко 3 , Юлия Алексеева 1,2 1 – ИПНГ РАН; 2 – ООО «НИПИморнефть»; 3 – ГНЦ ФГУГП «Южморгеология» Leonid KULPIN, Valery SAVCHENKO, Yulia ALEXEEVA Ïåðñïåêòèâû îñâîåíèÿ ðåñóðñîâ íåôòè è ãàçà â Àðêòè- ÷åñêèõ çàëèâàõ ñâÿçûâàþòñÿ â îñíîâíîì ñ ðàéîíàìè, êî- òîðûå õàðàêòåðèçóþòñÿ òÿæåëîé èëè î÷åíü òÿæåëîé ëåäî- âîé îáñòàíîâêîé è îòíîñèòåëüíî íåáîëüøèìè ãëóáèíàìè ìîðÿ. Êðóïíåéøóþ â Ðîññèè çàïàäíî-àðêòè÷åñêóþ îáëàñòü ìåë- êîâîäèé ñîñòàâëÿþò ãóáû è çàëèâû Ïå÷îðñêîãî è Êàðñêî- ãî ìîðåé. Òðàíçèòíûå çîíû ýòèõ ìîðåé, êàê ìîðñêèå ïðî- äîëæåíèÿ áàññåéíîâ ñ äîêàçàííîé íåôòåãàçîíîñíîñòüþ è ðåàëüíî âûÿâëåííûìè ìåñòîðîæäåíèÿìè íåôòè è ãàçà, ÿâëÿþòñÿ âàæíûìè ïåðñïåêòèâíûìè ðåãèîíàìè íåôòåãà- çîäîáû÷è â áëèæàéøåì áóäóùåì. Îäíàêî, ýôôåêòèâíîñòü îñâîåíèÿ ìîðñêèõ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé íåôòè è ãàçà çàâèñèò íå òîëüêî îò ãåîëîãî-ôèçè÷åñêèõ è ãèäðîäèíàìè÷åñêèõ äàííûõ, ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèõ ñâîéñòâ óãëåâîäîðîäîâ (ÓÂ) è äðóãèõ ôàêòîðîâ, íî è â çíà÷èòåëüíîé ñòåïåíè îò ïðèðîä- íî-êëèìàòè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèé àêâàòîðèé, ãëóáèí ìîðÿ, íàëè÷èÿ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ òåõíè÷åñêèõ ñðåäñòâ è áåðåãîâîé èíôðà- ñòðóêòóðû, à òàêæå îò ìîùíîñòåé ñïåöèàëüíûõ áóðîâûõ è ñòðîèòåëüíûõ îðãàíèçàöèé.  ðîññèéñêîé Àðêòèêå â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ èìåþòñÿ â íàëè÷èè ñàìîïîäúåìíûå áóðîâûå óñòàíîâêè (ÑÏÁÓ) «Àìà- çîí» è «Àðêòè÷åñêàÿ», à òàêæå ïëàâó÷èé áóðîâîé êîì- ïëåêñ (ÏÁÊ) «Îáñêèé-1», ïðèíàäëåæàùèå ÎÀÎ «Ãàçïðîì». ÎÀÎ «Àðêòèêìîðíåôòåãàçðàçâåäêà» âëàäååò ÑÏÁÓ «Ìóð- ìàíñêàÿ». Ïåðå÷èñëåííûå áóðîâûå óñòàíîâêè ìîãóò ðàáî- òàòü òîëüêî â ìåæëåäîâûé ïåðèîä. Íåîáõîäèìî â áóäóùåì ñîçäàíèå íîâûõ òåõíè÷åñêèõ ðåøåíèé äëÿ áóðîâûõ ëåäî- ñòîéêèõ óñòàíîâîê, ñïîñîáíûõ îáåñïå÷èòü êðóãëîãîäè÷íîå áóðåíèå ñêâàæèí, â òîì ÷èñëå â òðàíçèòíûõ çîíàõ ìåëêîâî- äüÿ à òàêæå ñ âîçìîæíîñòüþ óñòàíîâêè ïîäâîäíûõ êîìïëåê- ñîâ äëÿ îñâîåíèÿ ñêâàæèí è äîáû÷è ÓÂ. Печорская губа – çàëèâ Áàðåíöåâà ìîðÿ (ðèñ.1).  þãî-çàïàäíóþ ÷àñòü ãóáû âïàäàåò ð. Ïå÷îðà, ñ ñåâåðà ãóáà îãðàíè÷åíà ïîëóîñòðîâîì Ðóññêèé Çàâîðîò, ñ ñåâå- ðî-âîñòîêà – Ãóëÿåâñêèìè «êîøêàìè». Äëèíà ãóáû îêîëî 100 êì, øèðèíà 40-120 êì. ßâëÿåòñÿ ñðàâíèòåëüíî ìåëêî- âîäíûì çàëèâîì ñ ãëóáèíàìè îò 5 äî 10 ì è ëîêàëüíûìè âïàäèíàìè áîëåå 10 ì. Êëèìàò ðàéîíà ñóáàðêòè÷åñêèé. Ìèíèìàëüíûå òåìïåðàòóðû äîñòèãàþò ìèíóñ 50°Ñ, ìàêñè- ìàëüíûå - ïëþñ 30°Ñ. Ñðåäíÿÿ ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü ëåäî- âîãî ïîêðîâà 250 äíåé (íà÷àëî ëüäîîáðàçîâàíèÿ – ïîñëå ñåíòÿáðÿ, óñòîé÷èâîå ïîÿâëåíèå ëüäà – îêòÿáðü, îêîí÷à- òåëüíîå èñ÷åçíîâåíèå ëüäà – àâãóñò). October 2014 № 2 (25) MurmanshelfInfo 9 Prospects of oil and gas development in Arctic Bays are mostly connected with those regions which are characterized by severe or the severest ice conditions and average sea depths. Bays and gulfs of the Pechora and Kara Seas compose the biggest shallow part in Russian Western Arctic region. Transit zones of these seas as a part of marine basin with proved oil and gas presence and identified oil and gas resources are important potential regions of oil and gas production. However, effectiveness of offshore oil and gas development depends not only on such factors as geophysical and hydrodynamic data, physic and chemical hydrocarbon characteristics, but mostly it depends on natural conditions, sea depth, presence or absence of suitable machines and coastal infrastructure as well as on capacity of special drilling and construction organizations. There are some self-elevating drilling devices in Russian Arctic region – “Amazon” and “Arcticheskaya”, plus one floating drilling complex “Obsky-1”. They are owned by “Gazprom”. At the same time another organization, “Arcticmorneftegazrazvedka”, owns one more self-elevating drilling device “Murmanskaya”. All of them may be used only in ice-free months. It is necessary to create new technical variants for possibility to make annual drilling including regions of shallow transit zones and to install subsea complexes for hydrocarbon development and extraction. Pechora Bay is located in the Barents Sea (picture 1). Pechora River flows into south-western part of this bay; Russky Zavorot Peninsula limits it in the north, Gulyaevskie crane carriages in the north-east. Length of the bay is about 100 km; width varies from 40 to 120 km. It is relatively shallow bay with depth from 5 to 10 m and local caves more than 10 m. Regional climate is subarctic. Minimal possible temperatures are 50 ° C below zero, maximum ones are 30 ° C above zero. About 250 days in average ice covers the water (it starts forming after September, becomes sustainable in October and disappears in August). Geological and seismic operations, made by state center of science FSUE “Yuzhmorgeology”, found 10 local upheavals. According to the category D 2 , resources (mostly oil) have been estimated in 480 million tons. Most structures seem to be multilayer. Depth of occurrence changes from 1400 to 5000 meters. In accordance with approximate time limit of hydraulic