МурманшельфИнфо. 2012, N 3 (21).

ñóäàðñòâåííî-÷àñòíîãî ïàðòíåðñòâà, ò.å. ôèíàíñèðîâàòü èç ôåäåðàëüíîãî áþäæåòà, è âíåáþäæåòíûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ – íà îñíîâå äîãîâîðîâ ñ ïîòðåáèòåëÿìè óñëóã ëåäîêîëîâ. Ýòî òîæå ïðåäóñìîòðåíî â íîâîì çàêîíå îá ÑÌÏ. Ïðåäñòàâèòåëè ÔÃÓÏ Àòîìôëîò ñ÷èòàþò, ÷òî ê 2016- 2018ãã., êîãäà áóäåò íà÷àò ïîëíîìàñøòàáíûé âûâîç ñæèæåí- íîãî ãàçà ñ Îáñêîé ãóáû, ïëàíèðóåòñÿ óâåëè÷åíèå ãðóçîïîòî- êà äî 20 ìèëëèîíîâ òîíí â ãîä.  ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì «Àòîìôëîòó» ïîíàäîáèòñÿ íîâîå ïîêîëåíèå ëåäîêîëîâ. Êîìïàíèÿ îæèäà- åò, ÷òî ñóùåñòâóþùèå ëåäîêîëû (êðîìå «Ðîññèè») ñìîãóò äîðàáîòàòü äî 2022 ãîäà. Ãîñäóìà óæå îäîáðèëà áþäæåò íà ñòðîèòåëüñòâî òðåõ àòîìîõîäîâ, ñîãëàñíî êîòîðîìó äî 2014 ãîäà íà ýòè öåëè áóäåò âûäåëåíî 20 ìèëëèàðäîâ ðóáëåé. Âñåãî ïëàíèðóåò- ñÿ ïîñòðîèòü îäèí ãîëîâíîé äâóõîñàäî÷íûé ëåäîêîë è äâà ñåðèéíûõ àòîìîõîäà, ñïîñîáíûõ ðàáîòàòü â Àðêòèêå è ïî ìàðøðóòó Ñåâåðíîãî Ìîðñêîãî Ïóòè, à òàêæå â óñëîâèÿõ ìåëêîâîäíûõ ðåê Ñèáèðè. Óæå â êîíöå àâãóñòà 2012 ãîäà ÔÃÓÏ «Àòîìôëîò», âõîäÿ- ùåå â ñîñòàâ Ãîñêîðïîðàöèè «Ðîñàòîì» è ÎÎÎ «Áàëòèéñêèé çàâîä – Ñóäîñòðîåíèå» çàêëþ÷èëè äîãîâîð íà ñòðîèòåëü- ñòâî ãîëîâíîãî óíèâåðñàëüíîãî àòîìíîãî ëåäîêîëà íîâîãî ïîêîëåíèÿ ïðîåêòà 22220. Ñîãëàñíî óñëîâèÿì êîíòðàêòà, ÎÎÎ «Áàëòèéñêèé çàâîä – Ñóäîñòðîåíèå» îáÿçóåòñÿ â ñðîê äî 30 äåêàáðÿ 2017 ãîäà ïîñòðîèòü ëåäîêîë ËÊ-60ß «ïîä êëþ÷» è ïîñòàâèòü åãî ê ïðè- ÷àëó ÔÃÓÏ «Àòîìôëîò» â Ìóðìàíñêå. Ñîãëàñíî óòâåðæäåí- íîìó ãðàôèêó, çàêëàäêà ëåäîêîëà íà ñòàïåëå çàïëàíèðîâàíà íà íîÿáðü 2013 ãîäà, ñïóñê íà âîäó - íà íîÿáðü 2015 ãîäà. Òåõíè÷åñêèé ïðîåêò àòîìîõîäà áûë ðàçðàáîòàí ÎÀÎ ÖÊÁ «Àéñáåðã» â 2009 ãîäó.  ñîñòàâå ÿäåðíîé ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîé óñòàíîâêè èñïîëüçóåòñÿ íîâûé òèï èíòåãðàëüíîé ðåàêòîðíîé óñòàíîâêè «ÐÈÒÌ-200». Íîâûé ãîëîâíîé ëåäîêîë áóäåò ñàìûì êðóïíûì àòîìîõîäîì â ìèðå, à òî÷íåå – â Ðîññèè, ïîñêîëüêó áîëüøå íèêòî àòîì- íûå ëåäîêîëû íå ñòðîèò, è íå çàÿâëÿåò î òàêèõ íàìåðåíèÿõ. Экологические риски Ýêîëîãè÷åñêàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ Áåëëîíà óâåðåíà, ÷òî óâåëè- ÷åíèå îáúåìà ãðóçîïîòîêà îáÿçàòåëüíî ïîâëå÷åò çà ñîáîé àâàðèéíûå ñèòóàöèè. À âîò ñêîëüêî ýòî áóäåò ñòîèòü â ñóðî- âûõ êëèìàòè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèÿõ Àðêòèêè, íå çíàåò íèêòî. Åñëè ýòó ñòîèìîñòü ïåðåëîæèòü íà ïëå÷è ãðóçîïåðåâîç÷èêîâ, òî ÑÌÏ ìîæåò áûòü íå âûãîäåí. Íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü íà òðàññå ÑÌÏ ñóùåñòâóåò ìèíè- ìàëüíàÿ èíôðàñòðóêòóðà, ïîýòîìó ïîòðåáóþòñÿ îãðîìíûå âëîæåíèÿ, ÷òîáû îáåñïå÷èòü, â òîì ÷èñëå, ëèêâèäàöèþ àâà- ðèéíûõ ðàçëèâîâ. Ýêîëîãè óâåðåíû â íåîáõîäèìîñòè ïðîâå- äåíèÿ îöåíêè âîçäåéñòâèÿ íà ðàíèìóþ îêðóæàþùóþ ñðåäó Àðêòèêè îò èíòåíñèâíîãî äâèæåíèÿ ñóäîâ. Áåëëîíà âñåãäà ñòîÿëà íà ïîçèöèÿõ òîãî, ÷òî Àðêòèêó íåëüçÿ ðàññìàòðèâàòü êàê îáúåêò äëÿ èíòåíñèâíîãî âåäå- íèÿ ïðîìûøëåííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè. Ýòî êàñàåòñÿ âñåõ àðêòè- ÷åñêèõ ñòðàí. Àðêòèêà è àðêòè÷åñêèå ìîðÿ - ñàìàÿ ÷èñòàÿ ÷àñòü íàøåé ïëàíåòû, è òàêîé îíà äîëæíà îñòàâàòüñÿ. Íóæíî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî äëÿ ìîíèòîðèíãà è îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ýêî- ëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñòè ïðè ðåàëèçàöèè ïðîåêòîâ â Àð- êòèêå, áóäóò ìîäåðíèçèðîâàòüñÿ ñóùåñòâóþùèå è ñòðîèòüñÿ íîâûå àâàðèéíî-ñïàñàòåëüíûå ïóíêòû ïî ìàðøðóòó ÑÌÏ. Âîññòàíîâëåíèå èíôðàñòðóêòóðû ÑÌÏ ïðåäïîëàãàåò ìî- äåðíèçàöèþ àðêòè÷åñêèõ ïîðòîâ Ïðîâèäåíèÿ, Ïåâåê, Òèêñè, Õàòàíãà, Ñàëåõàðä, Äóäèíêà, Äèêñîí, Íàðüÿí-Ìàð, â êîòîðûõ íåîáõîäèìî óñòàíîâèòü ñèñòåìû íàâèãàöèîííî-ãèäðîãðà- ôè÷åñêîãî è ãèäðîìåòåîëîãè÷åñêîãî îáåñïå÷åíèÿ, à òàêæå àâàðèéíî- ñïàñàòåëüíûå ñëóæáû. Àðêòè÷åñêèå ïîðòû, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì ïîðòà Äóäèíêà, ïî ìíåíèþ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ïî-ïðåæíåìó ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñàìûì ñëà- áûì çâåíîì íà ÑÌÏ. Èç-çà îòñóòñòâèÿ ñðåäñòâ ó ñîáñòâåí- íèêîâ ìîäåðíèçàöèÿ òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ ñóùåñòâó- þùèõ ïîðòîâ ïîñëå 1990 ãîäà íå ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ. Ïðè÷àëüíûå ñîîðóæåíèÿ â áîëüøèíñòâå àðêòè÷åñêèõ ïîð- òîâ òðåáóþò êàïèòàëüíîãî ðåìîíòà, ðåêîíñòðóêöèè è äíîó- ãëóáëåíèÿ äëÿ ïðèåìà ñîâðåìåííûõ ñóäîâ. Âî ìíîãèõ ïîðòàõ îòñóòñòâóþò èëè íàõîäÿòñÿ â êðèòè÷åñêîì ñîñòîÿíèè ñîîðó- æåíèÿ ïî ïðèåìó è óòèëèçàöèè ñóäîâûõ îòõîäîâ, ñðåäñòâ ëèêâèäàöèè àâàðèéíûõ ðàçëèâîâ íåôòè. The State Duma has approved a budget for the construction of three nuclear submarines, according to which by 2014 for these purposes will be allocated 20 billion rubles. It is planned to build one parent icebreaker and two serial nuclear submarines capable of working in the Arctic and along the route of the Northern Sea Route, as well as in shallow rivers of Siberia. At the end of August 2012 Atomflot, as a part of the State Corporation Rosatom and Baltiskiy pavod – Shipbuilding signed an agreement for the construction of the head universal icebreaker of the new generation of the project 22220. Under the contract Baltiskiy zavod - Shipbuilding is obliged to build an icebreaker LK 60YA and put it to the dock Atomflot in Murmansk up to 30 December 2017. According to the schedule, laying and launching of the icebreaker is scheduled for November 2013 and for November 2015 respectively. Technical project of submarine was designed CCB Iceberg in 2009. A new type of integrated reactor RITM-200 will be used as part of a nuclear power plant. The new head icebreaker will be the largest nuclear-powered icebreaker in the world, to be exact in Russia, as long as no one builds nuclear-powered icebreakers and does not declare such intentions. Environmental Risks Environmental organization Bellona believes that the increase in traffic necessarily will lead to emergencies. Although no one knows how much it will cost in the harsh climatic conditions of the Arctic. If this cost passes on to shippers, the NSR could become disadvantageous. For today there is a very little infrastructure in the NSR, so would be required massive investments to ensure, among other things, spill response. Environmentalists are convinced of the need to assess the impact on the vulnerable Arctic environment from heavy traffic. Bellona has always believed that the Arctic can not be regarded as an object of intensive management of industrial activity. This applies to all Arctic countries. The Arctic and Arctic seas are the cleanest part of our planet, and it must remain so. It should be noted that for the monitoring and enforcement of environmental safety in the implementation of projects in the Arctic, there will be an upgrade of existing and building of a new rescue points along the route of the NSR. Infrastructure rehabilitation of the NSR involves upgrading of the Arctic ports of Providence, Pevek, Tiksi, Khatanga, Salekhard, Dudinka, Dixon, Naryan-Mar, in which it is necessary to establish a navigation-hydrographic systems, hydrometeorological support and emergency services. Arctic ports, except port Dudinka, according to experts, are still the weakest link in the NSR. Due to the lack of funds from the owners upgrade of the existing equipment ports has not been performed since 1990. Berthing facilities in most of Arctic ports need major repairs, reconstruction and dredging for the reception of modern ships. Many ports do not have reception facilities for ship-generated waste and means of the oil spill response available or have them in critical condition. Facilities for ship-generated waste and oil spill response are not available or in critical condition in number of ports. September 2012 ¹ 3 (21) MurmanshelfInfo 37