МурманшельфИнфо. 2012, N 3 (21).

problem for a small company to get a permit for it, as long as company usually has neither required licenses, nor personnel who could get those. Naturally, getting advantages there is a need to pay back. Small companies can sacrifice some part of their independence (some activities should be agreed with interests of the cluster), guaranteed terms and quality of work and implementation of some initiatives for cluster participants at one´s expense. Participation of small and medium enterprises, basing both on Michael Porter´s theory and research of the Russian Government, which invited him to analyze competitiveness of the country in 2006, introduced and desired in the industrial clusters system. They can take part either by self-organizing from below or participating in institutions of larger companies from above. Article introduces point view of the typical small company on the participation in clusters and type of cooperation between different members of cluster. îò íèõ îòäåëÿþòñÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâà óçêîãî ïðîôèëÿ. Íî æ¸ñòêèå ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûå îòíîøåíèÿ ñ îäíèì åäèíñòâåííûì ïîñòàâ- ùèêîì, êàê ïðàâèëî, äî÷åðíèì îáùåñòâîì, îñòàþòñÿ. Ñêàçàâ «À», íå ãîâîðÿò «Á» – íå ââîäÿò â ïðîöåññ êîíêóðåíöèþ. Êàê ñëåäñòâèå – íåäîâîëüñòâî óñëóãîé è èäååé àóòñîðñèíãà â öåëîì. À âåäü èìåííî â ïðîöåññå êîíêóðåíöèè íà ïðåäïðè- ÿòèå ïðèõîäèò íàèáîëåå ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûé ïîñòàâùèê óñëóã. Çíàíèå áèçíåñà êëþ÷åâîãî ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ èçíóòðè ïîçâîëèò åìó ó÷àñòâîâàòü âìåñòå ñ íèì â óëó÷øåíèè áèçíåñ-ïðîöåññîâ. Î÷åíü ÷àñòî êðóïíîìó ïðåäïðèÿòèþ òðóäíî ïîäîáðàòü ïîäðÿä÷èêà èìåþùåãî íåîáõîäèìûå ìîùíîñòè è êîëè÷åñòâî ïåðñîíàëà äëÿ âûïîëíåíèÿ òîé èëè èíîé ðàáîòû. Ìàëûå è ñðåäíèå ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ ðàçîáùåíû.  ïîãîíå çà «ëèøíèì» ðóáë¸ì è áîëüøèìè îáú¸ìàìè âñ¸ ïûòàþòñÿ äåëàòü ñàìè íå èìåÿ êâàëèôèöèðîâàííîãî â óçêèõ îáëàñòÿõ ïåðñîíàëà, òîëüêî ÷òîáû íå ïðèâëåêàòü íèêîãî ê ðàáîòàì.  òî æå âðåìÿ ó÷àñòèå ãðóïïû êîìïàíèé îáúåäèíÿþùèõ ñâîè ñèëû çàòðóäíåíî – íåò þðèäè÷åñêîé ôîðìû âçàè- ìîäåéñòâèÿ. Çàêàç÷èê õî÷åò èìåòü îäíîãî îòâåòñòâåííîãî – òîëüêî ÷åðåç ñóáêîíòðàêò. Ìàëîìó ïðåäïðèÿòèþ òÿæåëî ïîëó÷èòü äîïóñê ÑÐÎ íà ãåíïîäðÿä, çà÷àñòóþ îíî íå èìååò íè ëèöåíçèé, òðåáóåìûõ ïðè âûïîëíåíèè êðóïíûõ ðàáîò, íè ïåðñîíàëà äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ òàêèõ ëèöåíçèé. Åñòåñòâåííî, ïîëó÷àÿ ïðåèìóùåñòâà íåîáõîäèìî äàâàòü ÷òî- òî âçàìåí. ×åì ó÷àñòíèêè - ìàëûå ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ ìîãóò ïîæåðòâî- âàòü: ïîòåðÿ ÷àñòè ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîñòè (ïðèõîäèòñÿ íåêîòîðûå äåéñòâèÿ êîîðäèíèðîâàòü ñ èíòåðåñàìè êëàñòåðà), ãàðàíòè- ðîâàííûå ñðîêè è êà÷åñòâî âûïîëíåíèÿ ðàáîò, ðåàëèçàöèÿ çà ñâîé ñ÷¸ò êàêèõ-òî èíèöèàòèâ äëÿ ó÷àñòíèêîâ êëàñòåðà. Ó÷àñòèå ìàëûõ è ñðåäíèõ ïðåäïðèÿòèé è ïî òåîðèè îñíî- âîïîëîæíèêà Ìàéêëà Ïîðòåðà, è ïî ðàçðàáîòêàì ðîññèéñêî- ãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà, êîòîðîå ïðèãëàøàëî åãî â 2006 ãîäó äëÿ àíàëèçà êîíêóðåíòîñïîñîáíîñòè ñòðàíû, âêëþ÷åíî è æåëàå- ìî â ñèñòåìå ïðîìûøëåííûõ êëàñòåðîâ. Ó÷àñòâîâàòü òàì îíè ìîãóò äâóìÿ ñïîñîáàìè: ñàìîîðãàíèçîâûâàòüñÿ «ñíèçó» èëè ó÷àñòâîâàòü â îáðàçîâàíèÿõ îðãàíèçóåìûõ êðóïíûìè ïðåä- ïðèÿòèÿìè «ñâåðõó».  ñòàòüå ïðåäñòàâëåí âçãëÿä «òèïè÷íî- ãî» ìàëîãî ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ íà âîçìîæíîñòè ó÷àñòèÿ â êëàñòåðàõ è íà âèäû ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà ðàçíûõ ó÷àñòíèêîâ êëàñòåðà. На правах рекламы