МурманшельфИнфо. 2012, N 3 (21).

Ïî ñóòè - ýòî ìîùíûé îâåùåñòâë¸ííûé ôèíàíñîâûé ïîòîê. Îáðàòíûé ïîòîê «ôèíàíñîâîé ïîääåðæêè» â ôîðìå äîòàöèé, ñóáñèäèé è ñóáâåíöèé, íàçâàòü àäåêâàòíûì íåâîçìîæíî. Âîïðîñ: Íå ëîãè÷íåå ëè è ïðîùå èíîé ïóòü? Íå ãîíÿòü äå- íåæíûå ïîòîêè âçàä-âïåðåä, ïîääåðæèâàÿ ìíîãî÷èñëåííûõ, íè÷åãî íå ïðîèçâîäÿùèõ ïîñðåäíèêîâ, íî ëèøü çàáèðàòü ó ñåâåðÿí ìåíüøå, îñòàâëÿÿ ðåñóðñ íà óëó÷øåíèå äîðîã, ðàç- âèòèå ìàëîãî áèçíåñà, ðåàëèçàöèþ ïðåäïðèíèìàòåëüñêèõ èäåé íàñåëåíèÿ, âîññòàíîâëåíèå è ðàçâèòèå ïðîèçâîäñòâ, ñîçäàíèå çàíÿòîñòè, ñîöèàëüíîé èíôðàñòðóêòóðû è ïîâûøå- íèå êà÷åñòâà ñðåäû ïðîæèâàíèÿ. Ýòà «èãðà ñòîèò ñâå÷», ïîñêîëüêó «âûèãðûø» - àäåêâàòíîå ìàñøòàáó öåëè êîëè÷åñòâî è êà÷åñòâî ñòðàòåãè÷åñêîãî ðå- ñóðñà - íàñåëåíèÿ, îò êîòîðîãî çàâèñèò ýêîíîìè÷åñêîå ïðè- ñóòñòâèå Ðîññèè â àðêòè÷åñêîì ðåãèîíå â ôîðìàòå, ñîîòâåò- ñòâóþùåì öèâèëèçîâàííîìó 21 âåêó, ñîõðàíåíèå Àðêòèêè è ïåðåäà÷à åå áóäóùèì ïîêîëåíèÿì. Ïðèìåð ðåàëèñòè÷íîñòè àíòè-êîëîíèàëüíîãî ñöåíàðèÿ - ñîñåäíÿÿ ôèíñêàÿ Ëàïëàíäèÿ, ãäå îòíîøåíèÿ ìåæäó óðîâ- íÿìè âëàñòè è áþäæåòàìè âûñòðîåíû â ïîëüçó ìåñòíîãî ñàìîóïðàâëåíèÿ.  òàêîì ðàñêëàäå ïðîÿâëÿåòñÿ ìóäðîñòü ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî ïîäõîäà ê ðàñõîäîâàíèþ îáùåñòâåííûõ ôèíàíñîâ, âåäü ìåñòíûå ãðàæäàíå ëó÷øå, ÷åì ñòîëè÷íûå ÷èíîâíèêè çíàþò, ÷òî íåîáõîäèìî äëÿ æèçíè â ìåñòíûõ óñëîâèÿõ. Âëèÿíèå íàñåëåíèÿ íà ïðèíÿòèå ðåøåíèé è êîí- òðîëü èñïîëíåíèÿ - ãàðàíòèÿ ðàöèîíàëüíîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ðåñóðñîâ, ãäå ïðîñòî íåò ìåñòà äëÿ êîððóïöèè. Íà ìàëîëþä- íîì ñåâåðå êàæäûé íà âèäó, è ðåïóòàöèÿ öåíèòñÿ âûñîêî. Âûâîä: Íåñîñòîÿòåëüíîñòü âëàñòåé ðåøàòü ìíîãî÷èñ- ëåííûå ïðîáëåìû â óñëîâèÿõ ìàëîíàñåëåííîé è òðóäíî- äîñòóïíîé ñåâåðíîé ïåðèôåðèè ïîâûøàåò ðîëü ìåñòíîãî ñàìîóïðàâëåíèÿ è ãðàæäàíñêîãî îáùåñòâà. Ìåñòíûå íîð- ìû ïîâåäåíèÿ, ïðàâèëà, òðàäèöèè, íðàâñòâåííûå óñòàíîâ- êè è öåííîñòè òðàäèöèîííî ñèëüíû íà ñåâåðå, êîìïåíñèðóÿ ñëàáîå ïðèñóòñòâèå âëàñòè. Ñåãîäíÿøíåå íàöèîíàëüíîå çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâî ñîçäàåò äîñòàòî÷íîå îñíîâàíèå äëÿ âîñ- ñòàíîâëåíèÿ ìåõàíèçìà ìåñòíîãî ñàìîóïðàâëåíèÿ, ïðåäî- ñòàâëÿÿ ìîëîäåæè âîçìîæíîñòü âçÿòü íà ñåáÿ ÷àñòü ôóíêöèé óïðàâëåíèÿ. Àêòèâíîå ãðàæäàíñêîå îáùåñòâî - ãëàâíàÿ ïðî- ôèëàêòèêà òåððèòîðèè îò «êîëîíèàëüíîé áîëåçíè». Çà ïðàêòè÷åñêèì îïûòîì òàêæå íå íàäî õîäèòü «çà òðè ìîðÿ». Ïðåèìóùåñòâà âçàèìîîòíîøåíèÿ öåíòðà è ïåðèôå- ðèè ïî «ôèíñêîé ìîäåëè» íàñòîëüêî æå î÷åâèäíû, íàñêîëüêî çàìåòíà ðàçíèöà ìåæäó ôèíñêèìè è ðîññèéñêèìè íàñåëåí- íûìè ïóíêòàìè ïî îáå ñòîðîíû ãðàíèöû. Ïîñëåäíèå ñîìíå- íèÿ ðàññåèâàåò ôàêò: ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü æèçíè ëàïëàíäöåâ â ñðåäíåì íà äâà äåñÿòêà ëåò áîëüøå, ÷åì æèòåëåé ìóðìàí- ñêîãî èëè àðõàíãåëüñêîãî «ñåâåðîâ». Âîïðîñ: Åñëè äðóãèå ñòðàíû ñïîñîáíû óñïåøíî ñîõðà- íÿòü íàñåëåíèå - ãëàâíûé ðåñóðñ ñòðàòåãè÷åñêè âàæíûõ òåð- ðèòîðèé, ÷òî ìîæåò ïîìåøàòü Ðîññèè óñïåøíî ðåøàòü ýòó çàäà÷ó? In this scenario the state shows wise approach to spending of public finances, as long as local citizens know better than the metropolitan officials what it takes to live in the local context. Influence of public decision-making and control of execution is a guarantee of efficient use of resources, where there is no room for corruption. In the uncrowded north everyone is in plain sight and reputation is highly valued. This game is worth the candle, as the benefit is an adequate amount and quality of the strategic resource, population, on which dapends economic presence of Russia in the Arctic region in a suitable to the civilized 21 century format, preservation of the Arctic and its passing to the next generations. Conclusion: The failure of the authorities to solve numerous problems in a sparsely populated and rugged northern periphery increases the role of local governments and civil society. Local codes of conduct, rules, traditions, moral principles and values are traditionally strong in the north, compensating for the presence of a weak government. The current national legislation provides a reasonable basis for recovery mechanism for local governments, giving young people the opportunity to take on some of the functions of management. An active civil society is the main prevention of the colonial disease on the territory. It is unnecessary to go far to find practical experience. The advantages of the relationship between center and periphery on the Finnish model are as obvious as noticeable the difference between Finnish and Russian settlements on both sides of the border. Last doubts are dispelled by the fact that life expectancy of Lapps is on average two decades longer than of residents of the Murmansk or Archangelsk North. Q: If other countries are able to successfully keep the population, the main resource of the strategically important territories, what could prevent Russia from successfully solving this problem? September 2012 ¹ 3 (21) MurmanshelfInfo 27 На правах рекламы