МурманшельфИнфо. 2012, N 3 (21).

ëîãèè óëó÷øåíèÿ ýêñïëóàòàöèîííûõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê äîðîã â ñàìûõ ñëîæíûõ óñëîâèÿõ. Óáåäèòåëåí îïûò ñîñåäíåé Ôèíëÿíäèè, êîòîðûé äîêàçû- âàåò, ÷òî îòäà÷ó îò ôèíàíñîâîãî ðåñóðñà ìîæíî ïîâûñèòü â 5-6 ðàç, åñëè âìåñòî ïðàêòèêè ñëåäîâàíèÿ îáùèì íîðìàì «âêëþ÷èòü» èíæåíåðíîå ìûøëåíèå íà îñíîâå: • óëó÷øåííîãî ïîíèìàíèÿ ìåõàíèçìîâ ðàçðóøåíèÿ äîðîã ïîä âîçäåéñòâèåì ðàçíûõ ñî÷åòàíèé ïðèðîäíûõ óñëîâèé è íàãðóçîê; • òî÷íîé äèàãíîñòèêè ïðè÷èí äîðîæíûõ ðàçðóøåíèé. Ðåçóëüòàò èíæèíèðèíãîâîãî ïîäõîäà: • Ñòðàòåãèÿ óïðàâëåíèÿ ñîäåðæàíèåì äîðîã íà îñíîâå àäðåñíûõ è êîíêðåòíûõ ìåð ïî óñòðàíåíèþ ïðè÷èí ðàçðó- øåíèé, êîòîðàÿ â ðàçû äåøåâëå òðàäèöèîííîé ðîññèéñêîé ïðàêòèêè óñòðàíåíèÿ óæå âîçíèêøèõ äîðîæíûõ ïðîáëåì. • Âûñâîáîæäåíèå ñðåäñòâ è ðàñøèðåíèå âîçìîæíîñòåé äîðîæíîé îòðàñëè, ÷òîáû äàæå â ðàìêàõ ñòåñíåííûõ ôèíàí- ñîâûõ âîçìîæíîñòåé óëó÷øàòü äîðîæíûå óñëîâèÿ è ñíèæàòü èçäåðæêè äîðîæíûõ ïîëüçîâàòåëåé. Ìåæäóíàðîäíûé ïðîåêò íàõîäèòñÿ â ñåðåäèíå ðåàëèçà- öèè, îäíàêî, óæå ñäåëàíû âàæíûå âûâîäû: 1. Íàðàùèâàíèå ïîòåíöèàëà ðåñóðñîâ «èíôîðìàöèÿ» è «ïðîôåññèîíàëû» óëó÷øàåò ðåñóðñ «òåõíîëîãèè», ïîâûøàÿ â ðàçû îòäà÷ó îò èìåþùåãîñÿ ðåñóðñà «ôèíàíñèðîâàíèå» ÷åðåç ïðàâèëüíóþ ðàññòàíîâêó ïðèîðèòåòîâ ïðè îðãàíèçà- öèè äîðîæíûõ ðàáîò è ñíèæåíèå ñåáåñòîèìîñòè ýòèõ ðàáîò. 2. Íàðÿäó ñ ïîâûøåíèåì ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî ýôôåêòà, ñòà- íîâèòñÿ ðåàëüíîñòüþ ñíèæåíèå âîçäåéñòâèÿ äîðîæíûõ ðà- áîò íà ýêîñèñòåìû (ñíèæåíèå îáúåìîâ çåìðàáîò, êàðüåðíûõ ðàçðàáîòîê, âîçêè). 3. Îòïðàâíûì ïóíêòîì äëÿ ñòðîèòåëüñòâà è ðåêîíñòðóêöèè äîðîã â óñëîâèÿõ ñåâåðíûõ ýêîñèñòåì ìîæåò è äîëæíà ñòàòü àäàïòàöèÿ äîðîæíî-ñòðîèòåëüíûõ òåõíîëîãèé ê óñëîâèÿì îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû, êîòîðàÿ äîëæíà âûòåñíèòü óñòàðåâøèé ïîäõîä «èçìåíåíèå ñðåäû ïðè ñòðîèòåëüñòâå äîðîã». 4. Ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèå òåõíîëîãèé ñîäåðæàíèÿ, ñòðîè- òåëüñòâà è ðåêîíñòðóêöèè äîðîã â ñåâåðíûõ óñëîâèÿõ - îá- ëàñòü ïåðñïåêòèâíîãî ïðîôåññèîíàëüíîãî ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà äîðîæíûõ èíæåíåðîâ äëÿ ðàçâèòèÿ äîðîæ- íîé èíôðàñòðóêòóðû óäàëåííûõ àðêòè÷åñêèõ òåððèòîðèé äëÿ ïîëíîöåííîé èíòåãðàöèè Àðêòèêè â ìèðîâóþ ýêîíîìèêó. 5. Ïîâûøåíèå êà÷åñòâà è íåñóùåé ñïîñîáíîñòè äîðîã, ôîðìèðóþùèõ ëîãèñòè÷åñêèå ìàðøðóòû - ïóòü íà âíåøíèå ðûíêè è èíòåãðàöèè ìåñòíûõ ýêîíîìèê â ìàñøòàáíûå ýêî- íîìè÷åñêèå ñõåìû. 6. Ëîãèñòè÷åñêèé âêëàä äîðîã â ðàçâèòèå ýêîíîìèêè ñå- âåðíîé ïåðèôåðèè êðèòè÷åñêè çàâèñèò îò ÷åëîâå÷åñêîãî ðåñóðñà, êîòîðûì ðàñïîëàãàåò äîðîæíàÿ îòðàñëü. Íà äî- ðîæíóþ îòðàñëü è å¸ ÷åëîâå÷åñêèé ðåñóðñ ëîæèòñÿ áîëüøàÿ îòâåòñòâåííîñòü. Ïîýòîìó ïëàíèðóþòñÿ ñëåäóþùèå «äîðîæ- íûå» ïðîåêòû ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà, íàïðàâëåí- íûå íå òîëüêî íà ïåðåäà÷ó òåõíîëîãèé, íî è íà ðàçâèòèå ó ðîññèéñêèõ äîðîæíèêîâ ïðîôåññèîíàëüíîé ýòèêè â õîäå ðåøåíèÿ ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûõ çàäà÷ âìåñòå ñ äîðîæíèêàìè ñîñåäíèõ Ñåâåðíûõ ñòðàí. 7. Ïåðåõîä ê ñòðàòåãèè ïðåäóïðåäèòåëüíîãî äîðîæíîãî ñîäåðæàíèÿ - îñíîâà äëÿ ïîäãîòîâêè äîðîã ê ýêñïëóàòàöèè â áîëåå ñëîæíûõ óñëîâèÿõ, îáóñëîâëåííûõ ðîñòîì òðåáîâàíèé ýêîíîìèê, íàãðóçîê è èíòåíñèâíîñòè äâèæåíèÿ, à òàêæå ðàç- âèòèåì êëèìàòè÷åñêèõ èçìåíåíèé. Ñëåäóþùèé ìåæäóíàðîäíûé ïðîåêò, ïëàíèðóåìûé ê ðåà- ëèçàöèè â ðàìêàõ ïðîãðàììû Êîëàðêòèê - «Áîëåå áåçîïàñ- íûå äîðîãè äëÿ ïîëüçîâàòåëåé», öåëü êîòîðîãî - ñíèæåíèå ðèñêîâ àâàðèéíîñòè íà äîðîãàõ ñåâåðíîé ïåðèôåðèè. Ýòîò ðèñê â óñëîâèÿõ ñåâåðà òàêæå ñïåöèôè÷åí: íåñìîòðÿ íà íèç- êóþ èíòåíñèâíîñòü äâèæåíèÿ, ðèñê ãèáåëè â ÄÒÏ íà ñåâåð- íûõ äîðîãàõ ïîâûøåí èç-çà òîãî, ÷òî ïîìîùü ïîñòðàäàâøèì ïðèõîäèò ñëèøêîì ïîçäíî. Проект «Благоприятный климат развития для сурового Крайнего Севера» Òðàäèöèîííî ñ÷èòàåòñÿ, ÷òî ðåøåíèå ëþáîé çàäà÷è íà Êðàéíåì Ñåâåðå òðåáóåò ôèíàíñîâîé ïîääåðæêè öåíòðà. Òàê ëè ýòî? Ôèíàíñîâûå îòíîøåíèÿ ìåæäó ñåâåðîì è öåíòðîì èçâåñòíû. Ñûðüåâîé ïîòîê ñ ñåâåðà íàïðàâëÿåòñÿ â öåíòð. 3. The starting point for the construction and reconstruction of roads in northern ecosystems can and must be adaptation of road building technology to the environment, which should supersede outdated environmental changes in road construction approach. 4. Improvement of technologies of maintenance, construction and reconstruction of roads in the northern environment is an area of promising international cooperation of road engineers for the development of road infrastructure of remote Arctic regions for the full integration of the Arctic in the global economy. 5. Improvement of quality and carrying capacity of the roads that forms logistic routes. It is a way to foreign markets and the integration of local economies in the large-scale economic scheme. 6. Logistic contribution of roads to the northern periphery economical development depends critically on the human resources available in the road sector, making road industry and its human resource greatly responsible. Therefore, the following road international cooperation projects are planned, aiming not only at transfer of technology, but also at the development of the professional conduct among Russian road builders in the course of solving professional problems with road builders of neighboring Nordic countries. 7. Transition to a strategy of preventive road maintenance, the basis for the preparation of roads for use in more difficult conditions due to the economic growth, traffic loads and also the development of climate change. The next international project planned to be implemented under the program Kolarctic is Barents Low Volume Road Management, which aims at reducing the risks of accidents on the roads of the northern periphery. The risk in the north is also specific. Despite the low traffic, the risk of death in a road accident on the northern roads upgraded because the victim assistance comes too late. Project:Favorableclimateforthedevelopment of the severe climate of the Far North It is traditionally believed that the solution to every problem in the Far North requires financial support from the center. Is this true? Financial relations between the North and the center are well known. The feed stream is directed from the North to the center. In fact, it is a powerful materialized cash flow. Reverse flow of financial support in the form of grants, subsidies and subventions is impossible to deem adequate. Q: Whether there is more logical and easier to find another way? Not to send money flows back and forth supporting multiple, non-producing mediators, but only take less than from the northerners, leaving a resource to improve the roads, small business development, implementation of peoples business ideas, restoration and development of production, creation of employment, social infrastructure and improvement of quality of the living environment. An example of a realistic anti-colonial scenario in neighboring Finnish Lapland, where the relationship between levels of government and budget lined up in favor of the local government. 26 ñåíòßáðü 2012 ¹ 3(21) ÌóðìàíøåëüôÈíôî