МурманшельфИнфо. 2012, N 3 (21).

Проект «Мобилизация человеческого ресурса для освоения Арктики» Çàïàñû óãëåâîäîðîäîâ íà àðêòè÷åñêîì øåëüôå è ìàñøòàá- íûå ïåðñïåêòèâû îñâîåíèÿ ýòèõ íåâîçîáíîâèìûõ ðåñóðñîâ íå äîëæíû ôîðìèðîâàòü ïðèìèòèâíîå ïîòðåáèòåëüñêîå îòíî- øåíèå ê Àðêòèêå. Ïîíÿòèå «îñâîåíèå Àðêòèêè» òðåáóåò êîí- êðåòèçàöèè. Ïîä öèâèëèçîâàííûì «îñâîåíèåì» àðêòè÷åñêèõ òåððèòîðèé ïðè èñêëþ÷åíèè ðèñêîâ îñâîåíèÿ ðåñóðñîâ ïî «êîëîíèàëüíîìó ñöåíàðèþ» (â 21 âåêå òàêîé ñöåíàðèé íåäî- ïóñòèì) ñëåäóåò ïîíèìàòü íàðàùèâàíèå ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî ïðè- ñóòñòâèÿ ÷åëîâåêà â Àðêòèêå, ïðåæäå âñåãî, ÷åðåç ïîâûøåíèå: 1. Ñòàáèëüíîñòè ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ è êîíêóðåíòîñïîñîá- íîñòè ìåñòíûõ ýêîíîìèê, îñíîâà êîòîðûõ - òðàäèöèîííûå, óñòîé÷èâî âîçîáíîâëÿåìûå ïðèðîäíûå ðåñóðñû; 2. Êà÷åñòâà æèçíè ìåñòíîãî íàñåëåíèÿ äî óðîâíÿ ðåãè- îíîâ ñ áîëåå áëàãîïðèÿòíûìè äëÿ æèçíè êëèìàòè÷åñêèìè, ýêîíîìè÷åñêèìè è ñîöèàëüíûìè õàðàêòåðèñòèêàìè; 3. Óñòîé÷èâîñòè âîçîáíîâëåíèÿ ìåñòíîãî ÷åëîâå÷åñêîãî ðåñóðñà, îòâåòñòâåííîãî çà ðåàëèçàöèþ ñåâåðíîé ïîâåäåí- ÷åñêîé ìîäåëè «ðàöèîíàëüíîãî ïîëüçîâàíèÿ ïðèðîäíûìè ðåñóðñàìè», êîãäà îòïðàâíûì ïóíêòîì äëÿ ëþáîé òåõíîëî- ãèè ñòàíîâèòñÿ åå àäàïòàöèÿ ê óñëîâèÿì ñðåäû áåç íàðóøå- íèÿ ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî áàëàíñà. Ôàêò: Íèçêîå êà÷åñòâî æèçíè - ãëàâíàÿ ïðè÷èíà îòòîêà ìîëîäåæè ñ ðîññèéñêîãî Êðàéíåãî Ñåâåðà. Âîïðîñ: Êàêîå «êà÷åñòâî æèçíè» ìîëîäûå ëþäè ïîêîëå- íèÿ «ìèëëåíèóì» ñ÷èòàþò äîñòîéíûì, ÷òîáû æèòü â ýêñòðå- ìàëüíûõ óñëîâèÿõ Êðàéíåãî Ñåâåðà? Ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ âûÿâëÿþò ñëåäóþùèå îñîáåííîñòè ïîêîëåíèÿ «ìèëëåíèóì»: • Ñëàáàÿ ïðèâÿçàííîñòü ê ìåñòó ðîæäåíèÿ, ïåðååçä ñ ëåã- êîñòüþ íà íîâîå ìåñòî, ãäå æèòü è ðàáîòàòü èíòåðåñíåå, ãäå åñòü äðàéâ èëè ïðîñòî áîëüøå ñîëíöà; • Æèçíåííûå ïðèîðèòåòû: èíòåðåñíàÿ è êðåàòèâíàÿ ñðå- äà, óñëîâèÿ äëÿ ñàìîðåàëèçàöèè, ñîöèàëüíîãî îáùåíèÿ, ìî- áèëüíîñòü; • Âîçìîæíîñòü ó÷àñòèÿ â ïðèíÿòèè ðåøåíèé ïî ôîðìèðî- âàíèþ ñðåäû ñâîåãî ïðîæèâàíèÿ. Âûâîä: Äëÿ ñåãîäíÿøíåé ìîëîäåæè áàçîâûå öåííîñòè: áåçîïàñíîñòü; ÷èñòàÿ îêðóæàþùàÿ ñðåäà; âîçìîæíîñòü ïîëó÷èòü õîðîøåå îáðàçîâàíèå; èíòåðåñíàÿ ðàáîòà; êà÷å- ñòâåííîå æèëüå; äîñòóïíîñòü øêîë, äåòñêèõ ñàäîâ, ïîëèêëè- íèê, êóëüòóðû è ñïîðòà äëÿ ñåâåðíûõ óñëîâèé äîëæíû áûòü óñèëåíû «ãðàäóñîì» êðåàòèâà, ñàìîðåàëèçàöèè, ìîáèëüíî- ñòè è ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîñòè â ïðèíÿòèè ðåøåíèé äëÿ êîìïåí- ñàöèè ïåðèôåðèéíîñòè, íåäîñòàòêà òåïëà è ñîëíöà.  ñòðàíàõ Ñåâåðíîé Åâðîïû äèíàìèêà îòòîêà ìîëîäåæè èç ñåâåðíîé ïåðèôåðèè òàêæå íåáëàãîïðèÿòíà, íåñìîòðÿ íà âûñîêîå êà÷åñòâî ñðåäû ïðîæèâàíèÿ. Ïðè÷èíà îòòîêà ìîëî- äåæè - íåîáõîäèìîñòü ïîèñêà ðàáîòû. Âûâîä: Ãëàâíûé (íî íå åäèíñòâåííûé) ôàêòîð, óäåðæèâà- þùèé ìîëîäåæü íà Êðàéíåì Ñåâåðå - ýòî ðàáîòà. Îäíàêî âî- ïðîñ çàíÿòîñòè òðåáóåò ðåøåíèÿ íå ñòîëüêî â ïðèìèòèâíîì ñìûñëå «ñîçäàíèå ðàáî÷èõ ìåñò», ñêîëüêî â ñìûñëå «ñîçäàíèå âîçìîæíîñòåé äëÿ ñàìîðåàëèçàöèè è äîñòîéíîãî çàðàáîòêà». Áîëåå áëàãîïðèÿòíûå âîçìîæíîñòè äëÿ ñàìîðåàëèçàöèè íà Êðàéíåì Ñåâåðå äîëæíû êîìïåíñèðîâàòü ìåíåå áëàãîïðèÿò- íûå êëèìàòè÷åñêèå óñëîâèÿ ïðîæèâàíèÿ. Èìåííî òàêîé áàëàíñ ñìîæåò ïðèâëå÷ü íà ñåâåð àêòèâíûõ è ïðåäïðèèì÷èâûõ ëþ- äåé, çàèíòåðåñîâàííûõ â ñàìîðåàëèçàöèè, âûñîêîì äîõîäå, ðåàëüíîé âîçìîæíîñòè çàðàáîòàòü è ïîñòðîèòü ñâîåé ñåìüå ñîâðåìåííûé äîì, èìåòü èíòåðåñíûé äîñóã, äàòü õîðîøåå îáðàçîâàíèå è ðàçâèòèå äëÿ ñâîèõ äåòåé. Ýòî îçíà÷àåò, ÷òî ïîòåíöèàë êîëè÷åñòâåííîãî íàðàùèâàíèÿ, êà÷åñòâåííîãî ðàç- âèòèÿ è óñòîé÷èâîãî âîçîáíîâëåíèÿ ÷åëîâå÷åñêîãî ðåñóðñà íà Êðàéíåì Ñåâåðå çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ, ïðåæäå âñåãî, â ñîçäàíèè áîëåå áëàãîïðèÿòíûõ óñëîâèé äëÿ ïðåäïðèíèìàòåëüñòâà. Основа для арктического предпринимательства Èçâåñòíî, ÷òî ìàëûé áèçíåñ ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ ýêîíîìè÷å- ñêîé è ñîöèàëüíîé äàåò íàèáîëüøèå ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå âûãîäû â ôîðìàõ: Fact: Low quality of live is a main reason of outflow of young people from Russian Far North. Q: What quality of life young people of the millennium generation consider to be worthy to live in the extreme conditions of the Far North? Sociological studies reveal the following features of the millennium generation: • Lack of attachment to the place of birth, moving with ease on a new place to live, where it is more interesting to live and work and there is a drive or just more of the sun; • Priorities in life: fun and creative environment, conditions for self-realization, social communication, mobility; • Opportunity to participate in decision making on creating an environment where they live. Conclusion: For today´s youth core values are safety, clean environment, ability to get a good education, interesting work, quality housing, access to schools, kindergartens, clinics, culture and sport for Nordic conditions should be strengthened by degrees of creativity, self-actualization, mobility and autonomy in decision-making to compensate for the periphery, lack of heat and sun. In the Nordic countries the dynamics of youth retention in the northern periphery is also unfavorable, despite the high quality of the living environment. The reason for the outflow of young people is a need to find a job. Conclusion: The main (but not the only) factor that keeps young people in the far north is work. However, the issue of employment requires solutions not only in the primitive sense of job creation, but in the sense of creation of opportunities for self-fulfillment and a decent wage. More opportunities for self- realization in the Far North should compensate less favorable climatic conditions of residence. This balance will attract to North active and adventurous people interested in self-realization, high income and real opportunity to make money and build their family a modern home, have an interesting entertainment, good education and development for their children. This means that the potential quantitative increase, quality development and sustainable renewal of human resources in the High North is, above all, lies in creation of a more favorable business environment. The basis for the Arctic Enterprise It is known that a small business in economic and social terms gives the greatest economic benefits in the forms: • Implementation of creative ideas of the active part of the population, increasing competitive production of local goods and services, development of the internal market and outcome of local producers to foreign markets, ensured job security; • Enlarging local budget for social protection of other groups; • Stimulating of demand for infrastructure services, such as leisure, sports, culture, education, which make up a full life. The basis for business in the Arctic is, mostly, checked up by centuries traditional economic activities, which use natural renewable resources as basis. These activities can be recovered and implemented in a new way with the support of services September 2012 ¹ 3 (21) MurmanshelfInfo 23