МурманшельфИнфо. 2012, N 3 (21).

ðîäíûõ ÿâëåíèé, ëåãêî óòèëèçèðóåìûìè ïîñëå çàâåðøåíèÿ ñðîêà ñëóæáû îáúåêòîâ. Êîëè÷åñòâî è êà÷åñòâî ðåñóðñîâ- «èíôîðìàöèÿ», «ëþäè», «òåõíîëîãèè», «ìàòåðèàëû» îïðåäåëèò «áþäæåò» ìàñøòàá- íîãî è äîëãîñðî÷íîãî ïðîåêòà «Îñâîåíèå Àðêòèêè», ò.å. ïîòðåáíîñòü â ðåñóðñå «ôèíàíñû». Î÷åâèäíî, ÷òî äëÿ îñ- âîåíèÿ àðêòè÷åñêèõ òåððèòîðèé âñå ðåñóðñû òðåáóþò ñóùå- ñòâåííîé ïîïðàâêè íà «àðêòè÷åñêèé êîýôôèöèåíò». Критический ресурс - «люди» Îáçîð ðåñóðñîâ, íåîáõîäèìûõ äëÿ ðåàëèçàöèè ïðîåêòà 21 âåêà «Îñâîåíèå Àðêòèêè», âûÿâëÿåò êðèòè÷åñêèé ðåñóðñ - ÷åëîâå÷åñêèé. Ìàñøòàá öåëè, ñëîæíîñòü è äîëãîñðî÷íîñòü çàäà÷, íåîáõîäèìîñòü ìèíèìèçàöèè ðèñêîâ îñâîåíèÿ Àð- êòèêè ïî «êîëîíèàëüíîìó ñöåíàðèþ» òðåáóþò ñòàáèëüíîãî «âîçîáíîâëåíèÿ» êà÷åñòâåííîãî ÷åëîâå÷åñêîãî ðåñóðñà. Ýòî òðåáîâàíèå ìîæåò ñîáëþäàòüñÿ ëèøü ïðè íàëè÷èè ïîñòîÿí- íîãî ìåñòíîãî íàñåëåíèÿ. Âîïðîñ: Ïî÷åìó ïðè îñâîåíèè Àðêòèêè òàê âàæíî îïå- ðåòüñÿ íà ìåñòíîå íàñåëåíèå? Îðãàíèçì êîðåííîãî æèòåëÿ Êðàéíåãî Ñåâåðà àäàïòèðî- âàí ê àêòèâíîñòè â ýêñòðåìàëüíûõ óñëîâèÿõ, à ìåíòàëèòåò ñôîðìèðîâàí ñåâåðíîé ïîâåäåí÷åñêîé ìîäåëüþ «ðàöèî- íàëüíîå ïîëüçîâàíèå ïðèðîäíûìè ðåñóðñàìè». ×åëîâåê íà ñåâåðå âñåãäà áûë âûíóæäåí àäàïòèðîâàòüñÿ ê óñëîâèÿì ñðåäû, ò.ê. åãî âûæèâàíèå çàâèñåëî îò âîçîáíîâëåíèÿ æèç- íåííî-âàæíûõ ïðèðîäíûõ ðåñóðñîâ. Ëþáîå èçìåíåíèå ýêî- ñèñòåì - ðèñê ñîêðàùåíèÿ ðåñóðñà è óãðîçà áëàãîïîëó÷èþ ÷åëîâåêà. Ýòà îñîáåííîñòü «íå èçìåíÿòü, íî àäàïòèðîâàòü- ñÿ» - ïðèíöèïèàëüíîå îòëè÷èå ñåâåðíîãî ìåíòàëèòåòà îò ìåíòàëèòåòà áîëåå þæíîãî. Îñíîâà âûæèâàíèÿ ÷åëîâåêà â áîëåå áëàãîïðèÿòíûõ êëèìàòè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèÿõ - çåìëåäåëèå, òðåáóþùåå àäàïòàöèè ñðåäû äëÿ íóæä ÷åëîâåêà: âûðóáêè ëåñà, ðàñïàøêè è çàñåâà òåððèòîðèé, çàùèòû ïîñåâîâ ìå- ëèîðàöèåé, ñòðîèòåëüñòâîì êàíàëîâ, äàìá, âîäîõðàíèëèù. Ôàêò: Ñòðàòåãè÷åñêèé ðåñóðñ Êðàéíåãî Ñåâåðà - íàñå- ëåíèå, ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêè è ìåíòàëüíî àäàïòèðîâàííîå ê ýêñ- òðåìàëüíûì óñëîâèÿì, ñòðåìèòåëüíî ñîêðàùàåòñÿ. Êðàéíèé Ñåâåð ïóñòååò. Ñîâåòñêèé îïûò ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ òðóäîâîãî ðåñóðñà íà ñåâåð íàäáàâêàìè è ëüãîòàìè â ñåãîäíÿøíèõ ðûíî÷íûõ ðåàëèÿõ íå- ïðèåìëåì. Ýòîò îïûò íåëüçÿ ñ÷èòàòü óñïåøíûì, ïîñêîëüêó «äëèííûé ðóáëü» íèêîãäà íå áûë íåäîñòàòî÷íûì àðãóìåíòîì äëÿ ëþäåé, ïðèåõàâøèõ èç áîëåå áëàãîïðèÿòíûõ ìåñò äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû äîáðîâîëüíî ñâÿçàòü ñâîþ æèçíü ñ Êðàéíèì Ñåâå- ðîì. Êàê èçâåñòíî, ñëåäñòâèå âðåìåííîñòè ïðåáûâàíèÿ - ïî- òðåáèòåëüñêîå îòíîøåíèå ê ïðèðîäå, íå îáðåìåíÿåìîå îòâåò- ñòâåííîñòüþ çà ïîñëåäñòâèÿ ïåðåä áóäóùèìè ïîêîëåíèÿìè. Ñïðàâêà: Ñåìåíêîâè÷ Â.Í. - èçâåñòíûé ðîññèéñêèé èñòî- ðèê, àðõåîëîã, ìîñêîâñêèé ïðîôåññîð è ïóáëèöèñò, àâòîð êíèã è ñòàòåé ïî òåìå âîåííî-ìîðñêîãî è êîììåð÷åñêîãî îñâîåíèÿ ñåâåðà, ïèñàë â êîíöå 19 âåêà: «Ñåâåðíûé ïîìîð ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé òèï èñòèííî ðóññêîãî ìîðÿêà, ñâûêøå- ãîñÿ ñî ñâîèì ñòðàøíûì ìîðåì ñ ñàìîé êîëûáåëè. Ïîìîð ïðåäñòàâëÿåò äëÿ Ðîññèè åäèíñòâåííûé ìàòåðèàë, èç êî- òîðîãî ìîæåò áûòü âûðàáîòàíî ïîêîëåíèå ìîðÿêîâ, íè÷åì íå óñòóïàþùåå õâàëåíîìó àíãëèéñêîìó ìîðÿêó, èáî óñëîâèÿ äëÿ ðàçâèòèÿ òîãî è äðóãîãî îäíè è òå æå. Êðîìå ïîìîðîâ äà ïðîìûñëîâûõ ðûáàêîâ ïî Âîëãå è Êàñïèþ ó íàñ íåò ýëå- ìåíòà, èç êîòîðîãî áû ìîæíî áûëî ñîçäàòü ðóññêîãî ìîðÿêà. Íàì íàäî äîðîæèòü íàøèìè ïîìîðàìè, åñëè ìû õîòèì ñòàòü ìîðñêîé äåðæàâîé». Âûâîä: Îñâîåíèå àðêòè÷åñêèõ òåððèòîðèé è ðàçâèòèå èí- ôðàñòðóêòóðû Ñåâåðíîãî ìîðñêîãî ïóòè ñ ïîìîùüþ çàâîçà âðåìåííîãî òðóäîâîãî ðåñóðñà óâåëè÷èâàåò ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå è ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå èçäåðæêè è ðèñêè àðêòè÷åñêèõ ïðîåêòîâ. Ïðè÷åì ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå ðèñêè íàìíîãî ñåðüåçíåå ðèñêîâ ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ èç-çà äàëåêî èäóùèõ ïîñëåäñòâèé. Ïîýòîìó ìîáèëèçàöèè êà÷åñòâåííîãî ÷åëîâå÷åñêîãî ðåñóð- ñà äëÿ îñâîåíèÿ Àðêòèêè òðåáóåò ïîñòàíîâêè çàäà÷è ñëåäó- þùèì îáðàçîì: êàê ìèíèìóì - îñòàíîâèòü îòòîê íàñåëåíèÿ ñ Êðàéíåãî Ñåâåðà , à êàê ìàêñèìóì - ñîçäàòü óñëîâèÿ, ïðè- âëåêàþùèå àêòèâíûõ ìîëîäûõ ëþäåé, äëÿ êîòîðûõ Êðàéíèé Ñåâåð ìîæåò ñòàòü ïîñòîÿííûì äîìîì. Soviet experience of attracting labor force to the North by bonuses and benefits is no more acceptable in today´s market realities. This experience cannot be considered a success, as fast money has never been sufficient argument for those who came from more favorable places to voluntarily devote their lives to the Far North. As is known, result of a temporary stay is consumer attitude to the nature, not burdened by the responsibility for the consequences to future generations. Reference: Vladimir Semenkovich, who is a famous Russian historian, archaeologist, Moscow professor and writer, author of books and articles on naval and commercial development of the North, in the late 19 th century said North Pomor is a type of the true Russian sailor used to the his terrible sea from the cradle. Pomor is an only material for Russia from which generations of sailors could be produced, is not inferior to vaunted British sailors because the conditions for the development of both were the same. Besides Pomors and fishermen of the Volga River and the Caspian Sea there is no element of which it is possible to create a Russian sailor. We must cherish our Pomorie, if we want to become a sea power. Conclusion: The development of Arctic regions and infrastructure development of the Northern Sea Route through the temporary importation of work force increases economic and environmental costs and risks for Arctic projects. Moreover environmental risks are much more serious because of the far- reaching economic consequences. Therefore raising the quality of human resources for the development of the Arctic requires formulation of the problem as follows: at least to stop the outflow of population from the Far North, and at best to create conditions that attract active young people for whom the High North can become permanent home. Project: Mobilization of human resources for the development of the Arctic The offshore hydrocarbon resources of the Arctic and extensive prospects of development of these non-renewable resources should not form a primitive consumer attitude to the Arctic. The concept of the development of the Arctic requires specification. Civilized development of the Arctic, excluding the risks of the development of resources following colonial scenario (which is unacceptable in 21 st century), means an increase in economical presence of man in the Arctic, first of all, through the increase in: 1. Stable functioning and competitiveness of local economies based on traditional and sustainably renewable natural resources; 2. Life quality of the local population compared to regions with more favorable climate economic and social life conditions; 3. Sustainability of renewal of local human resources responsible for the implementation of the Northern behavioral model Rational use of natural resources, when the starting point for any technology is adaptation to the environment without disturbing the ecological balance. 22 ñåíòáðü 2012 ¹ 1(19) ÌóðìàíøåëüôÈíôî