МурманшельфИнфо. 2012, N 3 (21).

Ïðîåêòû è ïåðñïåêòèâû Projects and perspectives 16 ñåíòÿáðü 2012 ¹ 3(21) ÌóðìàíøåëüôÈíôî íèå», ÔÃÁÓ «Ìóðìàíñêîå óïðàâëåíèå ïî ãèäðîìåòåîðîëîãèè è ìîíèòîðèíãó îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû», ÎÎÎ «Ñòóðâèê Êîíñàëò» è Ìèíèñòåðñòâî ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî ðàçâèòèÿ; Íîðâåãèþ - Íîð- âåæñêàÿ áåðåãîâàÿ àäìèíèñòðàöèÿ, Òðîìñ è Ôèííìàðê; Ôèí- ëÿíäèþ - Óíèâåðñèòåò Îóëó/Öåíòð ñåâåðíûõ ïðèðîäîîõðàí- íûõ òåõíîëîãèé è Ôèíñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé èíñòèòóò. Âåäóùèé ïàðòíåð – ÔÁÓ «Ìóðìàíñêèé ÖÑÌ». Ïðîåêò áó- äåò ðåàëèçîâûâàòüñÿ â òå÷åíèå äâóõ ñ ïîëîâèíîé ëåò, åãî ôèíàíñèðîâàíèå îñóùåñòâëÿþò Åâðîïåéñêèé Ñîþç, Ðîññèÿ, Ôèíëÿíäèÿ è Íîðâåãèÿ. 12 ñåíòÿáðÿ â ÃÄÖ «Ìåðèäèàí» ïðîøëî ñòàðòîâîå ñîâåùàíèå ñ ó÷àñòèåì âñåõ ïàðòíåðîâ, ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé îðãàíîâ âëàñòè, çàèíòåðåñîâàííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé, ïîñëå êîòîðîãî ñîñòîÿëîñü çàñåäàíèå ðóêîâîäÿùåé ãðóïïû ïðîåêòà, ãäå áûëè îáñóæäåíû îðãàíèçàöèîííûå âîïðîñû è ïåðâîî÷åðåäíûå çàäà÷è. Ðîñò îáú¸ìîâ ìîðñêîé äîáû÷è è òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè íåôòè çíà÷èòåëüíî óâåëè÷èâàåò ðèñê àâàðèé, êîòîðûå áóäóò ïðåä- ñòàâëÿòü ñåðü¸çíóþ óãðîçó äëÿ îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû è òðàäè- öèîííûõ ñðåäñòâ æèçíåäåÿòåëüíîñòè êàê â ìèðîâûõ ìàñøòà- áàõ, òàê è äëÿ ïðèàðêòè÷åñêèõ ãîñóäàðñòâ. Ìèðîâîé îïûò ëèêâèäàöèè ïîñëåäñòâèé êðóïíåéøèõ ðàç- ëèâîâ ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ðàáîò çíà÷èòåëüíî ïîâûøàåòñÿ, åñëè èçâåñòíû õàðàêòåðíûå îñîáåííîñòè ïî- âåäåíèÿ íåôòÿíîãî ïÿòíà â óñëîâèÿõ àâàðèéíîãî ðàçëèâà.  2006-2011 ãîäàõ â Ìóðìàíñêîé îáëàñòè â ðàìêàõ Ìå- ìîðàíäóìà î âçàèìîïîíèìàíèè ïî òåõíèêî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêîìó ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâó ìåæäó Ïðàâèòåëüñòâîì îáëàñòè è êîìïàíè- åé «Ñòàòîéë» íà áàçå òð¸õ ó÷ðåæäåíèé: Ñåâåðíîãî ôèëèà- ëà ÔÃÓÏ «Áàëòèéñêîå áàññåéíîâîå àâàðèéíî-ñïàñàòåëüíîå óïðàâëåíèå», ÔÃÁÓ «Ìóðìàíñêîå óïðàâëåíèå ïî ãèäðîìåòå- îðîëîãèè è ìîíèòîðèíãó îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû» è ÔÁÓ «Ãîñó- äàðñòâåííûé ðåãèîíàëüíûé öåíòð ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè, ìåòðî- ëîãèè è èñïûòàíèé â Ìóðìàíñêîé îáëàñòè» áûë ðåàëèçîâàí ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé ïðîåêò â îáëàñòè îõðàíû îêðóæàþùåé ñðå- äû, îñíîâíîé çàäà÷åé êîòîðîãî ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñîçäàíèå ñèñòåìû ëèêâèäàöèè àâàðèéíûõ ðàçëèâîâ íåôòè, îñíîâàííîé íà íà- ó÷íî-îáîñíîâàííûõ äàííûõ îá èçìåíåíèÿõ ñâîéñòâ íåôòè â ìîðñêîé âîäå. Êëþ÷åâûì çâåíîì ñèñòåìû ÿâëÿåòñÿ ëàáîðàòîðèÿ ïî èñ- ñëåäîâàíèþ õàðàêòåðèñòèê íåôòè, ñîçäàííàÿ íà áàçå Ìóð- ìàíñêîãî ÖÑÌ è ââåä¸ííàÿ â ýêñïëóàòàöèþ â 2008 ãîäó. Íà ñåãîäíÿ ýòî åäèíñòâåííàÿ â Ðîññèè óíèêàëüíàÿ ëàáîðàòî- ðèÿ, êîòîðàÿ ïðîâîäèò èññëåäîâàíèÿ íåôòè ïî ìåæäóíàðîä- íîé ìåòîäèêå. Îñíîâíûå çàäà÷è ëàáîðàòîðèè: îïðåäåëå- íèå ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ðîññèéñêîé íåôòè, èçó÷åíèå èçìåíåíèÿ å¸ ñâîéñòâ è ïîâåäåíèÿ ïðè ðàçëèâå, êîìïüþòåðíîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå ïîâåäåíèÿ íåôòÿíîãî ïÿòíà ïðè ðàçëè÷íûõ ìåòåîóñëîâèÿõ.  çàâåðøåíèå ïðîåêòà â èþíå 2011 ãîäà â Ìóðìàíñêå áûë ïðîâåä¸í ìåæäóíàðîäíûé òðåíèíã ïî ìîäåëèðîâàíèþ ñèòó- àöèè àâàðèéíîãî ðàçëèâà íåôòè, ðåçóëüòàòû êîòîðîãî ïî- êàçàëè âûñîêóþ ãîòîâíîñòü ñèñòåìû ê ðàáîòå. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè ïðàêòè÷åñêè âíåäðåíà èííîâàöèîííàÿ òåõíîëîãèÿ, êîòîðàÿ ïîçâîëèò â ñëó÷àå àâàðèéíîãî ðàçëèâà ðîññèéñêîé íåôòè ïðè å¸ òðàíñ- ïîðòèðîâêå âäîëü ñåâåðíîãî ïîáåðåæüÿ Åâðîïû è ïî Ñåâåð- íîìó ìîðñêîìó ïóòè â êðàò÷àéøèå ñðîêè ñïðîãíîçèðîâàòü ïîâåäåíèå íåôòÿíîãî ïÿòíà, ïðèíÿòü ïðàâèëüíîå è ýêîíîìè- by The Norwegian Coastal Administration (Tromso and Finnmark), Finland was by Oulu University/Center for Environmental Technology and Finnish Environment Institute. Lead Partner is The Murmansk Center for Standardization and Metrology. The project will run for two and a half years, it will be funded by the European Union, Russia, Finland and Norway. On September 12 at Meridian the kick-off meeting with all partners, officials, stakeholders, followed by a meeting of the steering group of the project, where they discussed organizational issues and priorities, was held. The growth in offshore production and transportation of oil increases the risk of accidents, which would represent a serious threat to the environment and traditional means of life both at the global level and for the Arctic states. World experience of the effects of major spills shows that the efficiency will be significantly increased if the characteristics of the behavior of an oil slick in a spill are known. In the years 2006-2011 in the Murmansk region in the framework of the Memorandum of Understanding on Economic and Technological Cooperation between the regional government and the Statoil on the basis of three institutions (Northern branch of Baltic Salvage & Towage Co, Murmansk Department for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring and The Murmansk Center for Standardization and Metrology) was implemented an environmental project in the field of environmental protection, the main task of which is to provide a system of oil spill response based on scientific evidence of changes in oil properties in sea water. A key element of the system is a research laboratory studying the characteristics of oil created on the basis of The Murmansk Center for Standardization and Metrology and put into operation in 2008. Today it is the only laboratory Russia that conducts oil research using international technique. The main tasks of laboratory are determination of physical and chemical characteristics of Russian oil, study of changes in its properties and behavior of a spill, computer simulation of behavior of an oil slick under different weather conditions. At the end of the project in June 2011 in Murmansk was held an international training course on modeling the situation of oil spills, which showed that the system is highly operational. Thus an innovative technology that will allow in case of oil spill during its transportation along the northern coast of Europe and the Northern Sea Route to predict the behavior of an oil slick as soon as possible, make the right and economically sound decision and choose the best way to respond was implemented in the Russian Federation. However, created OSR system can not fully function until an information database on physico-chemical characteristics of all types of Russian crude oil and topped fractions corresponding to the natural evaporation of oil in the marine environment after a certain period of time and under different weather conditions, as well as bank of chemicals (dispersants) exploring the effectiveness of their actions on the different types of oil would be created. Each of these studies is time-consuming and labor costing but only in case of creation of bank of oil and dispersants