МурманшельфИнфо. 2012, N 3 (21).

Налоговое регулирование Âëàñòè Õàììåðôåñòà àêòèâíî ó÷àñòâîâàëè â äèñêóññèè î íàëîãîâîé ñèñòåìå è ðàçðàáîòêå ñõåìû èçìåíåíèÿ íàëîãî- îáëîæåíèÿ äëÿ ÑÏà çàâîäà. Âíåñåíèå ïîïðàâîê ïîçâîëèëî èñïîëüçîâàòü óñêîðåííóþ àìîðòèçàöèþ, ÷òî äàëî íàëîãîâûå ïîñëàáëåíèÿ, êîòîðûå, ïî îöåíêàì íåêîòîðûõ ýêñïåðòîâ, ñî- ñòàâèëè ïîðÿäêà 1 ìëðä. êðîí. Ïåðåä ïðèíÿòèåì ðåøåíèÿ î ñòðîèòåëüñòâå, ìóíèöèïàëü- íûå âëàñòè ââåëè íàëîã íà íåäâèæèìîñòü, ñîñòàâëÿþùèé 0,07%. Íàëîãîâûå ïîñòóïëåíèÿ òîëüêî îò ÑÏà çàâîäà ïðè- íîñÿò ìåñòíûì âëàñòÿì ïîðÿäêà 156 ìëí. êðîí, ÷òî ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñóùåñòâåííîé äîëåé áþäæåòà. Требования к нефтегазовым компаниям Îïåðàòîð êàæäîãî ìåñòîðîæäåíèÿ ãîòîâèò Ïëàí ðàçðàáîòêè è ýêñïëóàòàöèè ìåñòîðîæäåíèÿ, êîòîðûé äîëæåí áûòü îäîá- ðåí Äåïàðòàìåíòîì íåôòè è ýíåðãåòèêè. Ýòîò ïëàí äîëæåí îïèñûâàòü ýêîíîìèêó, òåõíè÷åñêèå ðåøåíèÿ, áåçîïàñíîñòü è çàùèòó îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû. Ìóíèöèïàëèòåòû, êîòîðûå ìîãóò áûòü çàòðîíóòû ðàçðàáîòêîé íåôòåãàçîâîãî ìåñòîðîæäåíèÿ, èìåþò âîçìîæíîñòü âûñòóïèòü ñ ïðåäëîæåíèÿìè ê Ïëàíó. Ìåñòíûå âëàñòè â Õàììåðôåñòå àêòèâíî ðàáîòàëè íàä êîììåíòàðèÿìè ê ïëàíó ðàçðàáîòêè è ýêñïëóàòàöèè ÑÏà çà- âîäà íà î. Ìåëêîéà è íåôòÿíîãî ìåñòîðîæäåíèÿ Ãîëèàô, îïåðàòîðîì êîòîðîãî ÿâëÿåòñÿ èòàëüÿíñêàÿ êîìïàíèÿ Ýíè Íîðãå. Îäíèì èç ãëàâíûõ âûâîäîâ ïîñëå ðàáîòû íàä ïëà- íîì äëÿ ÑÏà çàâîäà, ñòàë âûâîä î íåîáõîäèìîñòè ôîðìóëè- ðîâàíèÿ áîëåå òî÷íûõ òðåáîâàíèé ïî âîâëå÷åíèþ ìåñòíûõ ïîñòàâùèêîâ, âêëàäó â ðàçâèòèå ìåñòíîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè è ïðåäîñòàâëåíèþ åé äîñòóïà ê ðåñóðñàì (íàïðèìåð, ò¸ï- ëàÿ âîäà èç îõëàäèòåëüíîé ñèñòåìû ÑÏà çàâîäà, ïðèðîä- íûé ãàç). Ïðèíèìàÿ âî âíèìàíèå ýòîò îïûò, áûë ðàçðàáîòàí áîëåå äåòàëüíûé ñïèñîê òðåáîâàíèé ê Ïëàíó ðàçðàáîòêè è ýêñïëóàòàöèè ìåñòîðîæäåíèÿ Ãîëèàô, êîòîðûé áûë ïðèíÿò â 2009 ãîäó. Áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ýòèõ òðåáîâàíèé áûëà ó÷òåíà ïàð- ëàìåíòîì è îòðàæåíà â äèðåêòèâå äëÿ êîìïàíèè Ýíè Íîðãå, êîòîðàÿ, â ñâîþ î÷åðåäü, ðàçðàáàòûâàåò ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ è òðåáîâàíèÿ äëÿ ñâîèõ ñóáïîäðÿä÷èêîâ. Òàê, íàïðèìåð, ïðàâèòåëüñòâî íàëîæèëî ñëåäóþùèå îáÿ- çàòåëüñòâà: • Ïåðñîíàë, êîíòðîëèðóþùèé ðàáîòó îôôøîðíîé ïëàò- ôîðìû, äîëæåí áûòü ðàñïîëîæåí â Õàììåðôåñòå; • Êîíòðàêòíàÿ ñòðàòåãèÿ íà ñòàäèè ýêñïëóàòàöèè äîëæíà áûòü ðàçðàáîòàíà ñ ó÷¸òîì èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ìåñòíûõ ïîñòàâ- ùèêîâ (ìåíüøèé ðàçìåð êîíòðàêòîâ); • Äîëæíû îòñëåæèâàòüñÿ ñîáûòèÿ, êîòîðûå óâåëè÷èâàþò ïîëîæèòåëüíûé ýôôåêò îò ïðîåêòà íà ìåñòíîì è ðåãèîíàëü- íîì óðîâíå, âêëþ÷àÿ ðàçâèòèå ïðîìûøëåííîñòè; • Äîëæíû áûòü ïðèíÿòü ìåðû äëÿ óñèëåíèÿ ñòåïåíè ãîòîâ- íîñòè ê ëèêâèäàöèè ðàçëèâîâ íåôòè. Промышленные территории/жилье Ñ íà÷àëîì ñòðîèòåëüñòâà ÑÏà çàâîäà â Õàììåðôåñòå âîç- ðîñëà ïîòðåáíîñòü â ïðîìûøëåííûõ òåððèòîðèÿõ è òåððèòî- ðèÿõ, âûäåëåííûõ ïîä íîâîå æèëüå. Àäìèíèñòðàöèÿ Õàììåð- ôåñòà ïîäãîòîâèëà ïðåäëîæåíèÿ äëÿ íåôòåãàçîâûõ êîìïàíèé è ïîëèòèêîâ î òîì, êàêèå òåððèòîðèè ìîãóò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíû è äëÿ êàêèõ öåëåé. Ìóíèöèïàëèòåò Õàììåðôåñòà ñîòðóäíè÷àåò ñ ÷àñòíûìè èíâåñòîðàìè, ó êîòîðûõ åñòü ïëàíû ñòðîèòåëüñòâà íåñêîëüêèõ æèëûõ ìíîãîêâàðòèðíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ. Îòñóòñòâèå äîñòóïíûõ ïðîìûøëåííûõ ïëîùàäåé ìîæåò ïðåïÿòñòâîâàòü ðàçâèòèþ êàê íåôòåãàçîâûõ êîìïàíèé, òàê è èõ ïîñòàâùèêîâ. Õàììåðôåñò çàæàò ìåæäó ñêàëàìè è ìîðåì, ïîýòîìó íîâûå ïðîìûøëåííûå òåððèòîðèè ñîçäàþòñÿ çà ñ÷¸ò âçðûâàíèÿ ñêàë è çàïîëíåíèÿ ñêàëüíîé ïîðîäîé íåãëóáîêèõ ìåñò ó áåðå- ãà. Òàêîé ìåòîä èñïîëüçîâàëñÿ â ò.÷. äëÿ ðàñøèðåíèÿ Ïîëÿð- íîé áàçû. Ñóùåñòâóþò ïëàíû ðàçâèòèÿ íîâûõ ïðîìûøëåííûõ òåððèòîðèé âîçëå î. Ìåëêîéà, â Ðèïåôüîðäå è íà âûåçäå èç Õàììåðôåñòà. Ýòè ïëàíû ðàçðàáàòûâàþòñÿ â ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâå ìåæäó âëàñòÿìè è ïðîìûøëåííîñòüþ è îáñóæäàþòñÿ íà îòêðû- òûõ ñëóøàíèÿõ ñ ó÷àñòèåì ìåñòíîãî íàñåëåíèÿ. Развитие базы снабжения Óæå â ìàðòå 1974 ãîäà Íåôòåãàçîâûé ñîâåò Õàììåðôåñòà, âî ãëàâå ñ Àêñåëåì Îëñåíîì, ïîäãîòîâèë ïðåäëîæåíèå î ìå- ñòå ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ áàçû ñíàáæåíèÿ äëÿ Áàðåíöåâà ìîðÿ.  Hammerfest authorities conducted a lot of active political work through the years quite before commencing of construction of an LNG plant on Melkøya. First they worked on opening of the Barents Sea for oil and gas activity, and then on preparations to exploration of Sn ø hvit field. One of the reasons of Hammerfest success in attracting of oil and gas industry and multiple suppliers is that authorities worked on it constantly over a long time, building up competence on the subject, working in close cooperation with the industry. Tax regulation Authorities of Hammerfest participated actively in discussions on taxation system and development of layout of altering taxation for the LNG plant. Entering of these amendments enabled to change the manner of capital depreciation due to which fact Statoil gained taxation relaxations which according to some estimates amounted to about 1 billion NOK. Before the construction was commenced, the municipality had a real estate tax introduced comprising 0,07%. Dues and fees collected from only the LNG plant alone bring to the local budget annually the amount of about 156 mln. NOK, which is an essential share of the local budget. Requirements to oil and gas companies Operator of each oil/gas field prepares a plan for development and operations (PDO) which should be approved by the Oil and energy department. PDO should give a description of economy, technical decisions, safety, and environment protection. Municipalities which could be affected by development of the oil/ gas field can come with suggestions to PDO. Local authorities in Hammerfest worked actively on the comments for the plan for development and operation (PDO) for the LNG plant on Melkøya and for the oilfieldGoliat operated by EniNorge. One of the main conclusions drawn after working with Sn ø hvitPDO, was a conclusion on forwarding more definite requirements on engaging local suppliers, contribution into developing local industry and providing it with access to resources (warm water from cooling system generated by the LNG plant, natural gas). Taking into consideration this experience, a more detailed list of requirements has been drawn for PDO for Goliat, adopted in 2009. The biggest part of these requirements was taken into account by the Storting and was reflected in a direction issued to the company ENI Norge who in their turn develop appropriate events and requirements to attention of their subcontractors. Thus, for example, the government has imposed the following obligations: • Personnel to control the offshore platform operation should be stationed in Hammerfest; • Contractual strategy at the stage of operation should be developed taking into account use of local suppliers (smaller size of contracts); • To monitor drawing events which are to increase local and regional positive effects, including industry development; • To take measures for increasing preparedness for liquidation of oil spills in the municipalities in question. Industrial territories/housing With construction of Hammerfest LNG, demand for industrial areas and areas for new houses increased. Administration of Hammerfest came with suggestions to both oil and gas companies and politicians on which new territories could be used and for which purposes. The Hammerfest municipality works closely with private investors who have plans on building of several new apartment complexes around the town. Absence of available industrial areas can stop development of both oil and gas companies and their suppliers. Hammerfest is squeezed between rocks and the sea. Therefore, new industrial areas are being built by blasting the rocks and dumping it into the sea. Such methods are used at Polarbase, there are plans of development of new industrial areas near Melkøya, in Rypefjord and outside Hammerfest. Such plans are being developed in close cooperation between authorities, industry and are subject to the open listening with participation of local community. 10 ñåíòÿáðü 2012 ¹ 2(21) ÌóðìàíøåëüôÈíôî