МурманшельфИнфо. 2012, N 1 (19).

Êàê ñëåäñòâèå, îòðàáîòàííûå ìàñëÿíûå ôèëüòðû, âå- òîøü, çàìàñëåííûé ïåñîê è ìíîãèå äðóãèå îïàñíûå îòõî- äû ñáðàñûâàþòñÿ â êîíòåéíåðû ÒÁÎ è áåç äîëæíîé ïåðå- ðàáîòêè âûâîçÿòñÿ íà ïîëèãîíû. Ìíîãèå èç îòðàáîòàííûõ ñìàçî÷íûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ íåëåãàëüíî ñáðàñûâàåòñÿ â ïî÷âó. Òîëüêî 14-15 % îò îáùåãî îáúåìà èäåò íà ðåãåíåðàöèþ, îñòàëüíîå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â êà÷åñòâå òîïëèâà èëè ïðîñòî ñæèãàåòñÿ. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, â ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ òàêîé âàðè- àíò ðåøåíèÿ ñâîèõ ïðîáëåì ïðèíÿë ìàññîâûé õàðàêòåð.  åñòåñòâåííîé ñðåäå òàêèå îòõîäû èìåþò äëèòåëüíûé ïåðèîä ïîëóðàñïàäà. Íàêàïëèâàÿñü â ïî÷âå è àòìîñôå- ðå, îòðàáîòàííûå ìàñëà, à òàêæå ïðîäóêòû èõ ñæèãàíèÿ ïðèâîäÿò ê íàðóøåíèþ âîñïðîèçâîäñòâà ïòèö, ðûá è ìëå- êîïèòàþùèõ, îíè îáëàäàþò âûðàæåííûì âðåäíûì âîç- äåéñòâèåì è íà ÷åëîâåêà. Ê ïðèìåðó, âñåãî îäèí ãðàìì îòðàáîòàííûõ íåôòåïðîäóêòîâ äåëàåò íåïðèãîäíûì äëÿ ïèòüÿ 1000 ë ãðóíòîâûõ âîä. À ïðÿìîå ñæèãàíèå îòðàáî- òàííûõ ìàñåë â íåñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûõ ïå÷àõ áåç ïðåä- âàðèòåëüíîé î÷èñòêè ïðèâîäèò ê âûáðîñó â àòìîñôåðó ñòîéêèõ îðãàíè÷åñêèõ çàãðÿçíèòåëåé. Òîëüêî â íåäàëåêîì 2007 ãîäó, ïî äàííûì ïðåäïðèÿòèé íà òåððèòîðèè Ìóðìàíñêîé îáëàñòè, îáðàçîâàëîñü 3 060 ò îòðàáîòàííûõ íåôòåïðîäóêòîâ è èõ ñìåñåé: îòðàáîòàííûå ìàñëà ìîòîðíûå, àâòîìîáèëüíûå, äèçåëüíûå, èíäóñòðèàëü- íûå, òðàíñôîðìàòîðíûå, êîìïðåññîðíûå, òóðáèííûå è ò. ä., à òàêæå íåôòåñîäåðæàùèå ýìóëüñèè, îñòàòêè äèçòîïëèâà, âñïëûâàþùàÿ ïëåíêà íåôòåëîâóøåê. Èç íèõ èñïîëüçîâàíî è îáåçâðåæåíî 2 205 ò, ÷òî ñîñòàâëÿåò 72 % îò îáùåãî îáú¸ìà. Íåôòåïðîäóêòû ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ñæèãàþòñÿ íà êîòåëüíûõ, ÒÝÖ. Íåçíà÷èòåëüíàÿ ÷àñòü îòõîäîâ îòðàáîòàííûõ ìàñåë èñïîëüçóåòñÿ íà ñîáñòâåííûõ ïðåäïðèÿòèÿõ êàê ñìàçî÷íûé ìàòåðèàë â óçëàõ è àãðåãàòàõ, ãäå ïðèìåíåíèå íèçêîêà÷å- ñòâåííîãî íåôòåïðîäóêòà âîçìîæíî (íàïðèìåð, ðåäóêòîðû). Èñõîäÿ èç âûøåñêàçàííîãî, â îáëàñòè óòèëèçàöèè ïðî- äóêòîâ íåôòåïåðåðàáîòêè, ïåðåä íàøèì ðåãèîíîì ñòîèò ñëåäóþùèé ðÿä ïðîáëåì: -  Ìóðìàíñêîé îáëàñòè â íàñòîÿùèé ìîìåíò îòñóò- ñòâóþò ìîùíîñòè è ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ äëÿ ãëóáîêîé ïåðåðàáîò- êè îòõîäîâ íåôòåïðîäóêòîâ ñ ïîëó÷åíèåì íà âûõîäå òî- âàðíûõ íåôòåïðîäóêòîâ; - Òàêæå â îáëàñòè îòñóòñòâóåò ñåòü ïðèåìà îòðàáîòàí- íûõ íåôòåïðîäóêòîâ (íàïðèìåð, ìóíèöèïàëüíàÿ) îò ìåë- êèõ ôèðì è ÷àñòíûõ ëèö, âëàäåëüöåâ àâòîòðàíñïîðòà; - Îñòðî ñòîèò ïðîáëåìà ñ óòèëèçàöèåé òâåðäûõ îòõîäîâ, ñîäåðæàùèõ íåôòåïðîäóêòû: íåôòåøëàìîâ îò î÷èñòêè ðå- çåðâóàðîâ, çàìàçó÷åííîãî ïåñêà è ò. ï. Ïî ýêñïåðòíûì îöåíêàì, ÷àñòü òâåðäûõ îòõîäîâ ñ íåôòå- ïðîäóêòàìè ïîïàäàåò íà ñâàëêè áûòîâûõ è ïðîìûøëåííûõ îòõîäîâ è, â äàëüíåéøåì, â îêðóæàþùóþ ñðåäó. ×òî ñàìûì íåáëàãîïðèÿòíûì îáðàçîì ñêàçûâàåòñÿ íà ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé îáñòàíîâêå ãîðîäà è âñåãî ðåãèîíà â öåëîì. Ñëåäóåò ïîëàãàòü, ÷òî äëÿ äîñòèæåíèÿ ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ñòàáèëüíîñòè â ðåãèîíå, íåîáõîäèìî îáðàòèòü âíèìà- íèå íà áîëåå îòâåòñòâåííîå îòíîøåíèå òîðãîâûõ è ïðî- ìûøëåííûõ ïðåäïðèÿòèé ê âîïðîñó óòèëèçàöèè îòõîäîâ íåôòåïðîäóêòîâ, îáðàçóþùèõñÿ â ïðîöåññå èõ ïðîèç- âîäñòâåííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè, ïóòåì ïåðåäà÷è òåõ ñïåöè- àëèçèðîâàííûì ïðåäïðèÿòèÿì, èìåþùèì íåîáõîäèìóþ ëèöåíçèþ íà èõ ñáîð è ïåðåðàáîòêó. Îäíèì èç òàêèõ ïðåä- ïðèÿòèé íà òåððèòîðèè Ìóðìàíñêîé îáëàñòè ÿâëÿåòñÿ ÎÎÎ «Àñêîéë» . ПРИРОДООХРАННАЯДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ООО «АСКОЙЛ» ÎÎÎ «ÀÑÊÎÉË» èìååò ìíîãîëåòíèé îïûò ðàáîòû ñ íåôòå- ïðîäóêòàìè. Ìû íå ïîíàñëûøêå çíàåì î òîì, êàêîé âðåä îò- õîäû íåôòè íàíîñÿò îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäå è êàê ýòî íåáëàãî- ïðèÿòíûì îáðàçîì ñêàçûâàåòñÿ íà ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé îáñòàíîâêå ðåãèîíà â öåëîì. Èìåííî ïîýòîìó íàøà êîìïàíèÿ âûáðàëà íàïðàâëåíèå, îðèåíòèðîâàííîå íà ïðèðîäîîõðàííóþ äåÿ- òåëüíîñòü â îáëàñòè óòèëèçàöèè íåôòè è ïðîäóêòîâ åå ïåðå- ðàáîòêè, îñóùåñòâëÿÿ ñáîð, òðàíñïîðòèðîâêó, è äàëüíåéøóþ óòèëèçàöèþ îòðàáîòàííûõ ìàñåë.  öåëÿõ óëó÷øåíèÿ ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ñèòóàöèè íà òåððèòîðèè Ìóðìàíñêîé îáëàñòè, ÎÎÎ «Àñêîéë» ãîòîâî ïðåäëîæèòü ñâî- èì êëèåíòàì ñëåäóþùèé ïåðå÷åíü îêàçûâàåìûõ óñëóã: • Ñáîð îòðàáîòàííûõ íåôòåïðîäóêòîâ – ìû âñåãäà ðàäû îêàçàòü ïîìîùü â îðãàíèçàöèè ñáîðà íåôòåïðîäóêòîâ íà Situation in the region Unfortunately, the following waste treatment scheme is used in our region. At the state of defining the limits of waste placement, the user of natural resources understates the volumes of waste or calculates the volumes out of the minimal parameters. But during the activities, the real volumes may amount to 10 time more than declared volumes. As the waste volumes are actually not accounted, there future is hard to predict. As a result of this, used oil filters, wiping rags, oiled sand and other types of dangerous waste are thrown to household waste containers and without proper processing are taken to waste disposal areas. Lots of waste oil is illegally damped to the soil. Only 14-15 % of the total amount in recycled, the rest is used as fuel or just burned. Unfortunately, this variant of problem solving has become common. In the nature such waste has a long half-life period. Being accumulated in the soil and atmosphere, waste oil, and the products of their burning lead to distortion of reproduction of birds, fish and mammals, they have an evident harmful influence of humans. For example, just one gram of waste oil makes 1000 liters of ground waters undrinkable. Direct burning of waste oil in non-specialized burners without pre-purification leads to emission of persistent organic pollutants into the air. Only in recent 2007, according to the data of the companies on the territory of Murmansk region there were produced 3 060 tons of waste petrochemicals and their mixtures: waste oils from motors, cars, diesel, industrial, electric transformers, compressors, turbines, etc., as well as oil-containing emulsions, remains of diesel fuel, floating film of oil traps. 2050 tons of them are used and processed, that is 72 % of the total amount. Oil products are mostly burned in boiler and heating plants, and heating power plants. A small part of waste oils is used as lubricant in units and devices where it is possible to use low quality oil (such as for example redactors). Considering the above mentioned, there is a number of problems in the field of oil products disposal in our region: • Currently Murmansk region lacks facilities and companies working with advanced recycling of oil waste producing commercial oil products.; Ýêîëîãèÿ Ecology March 2012 ¹ 1 (19) MurmanshelfInfo 25