МурманшельфИнфо. 2012, N 1 (19).

ПЕРЕРАБОТКА ОТРАБОТАННЫХ МАСЕЛ О проблеме Ïðîáëåìà ïåðåðàáîòêè îòðàáîòàííûõ ñìàçî÷íûõ ìàñåë è ñîïóòñòâóþùèõ èì îòõîäîâ îñòðî ñòîèò âî âñ¸ì ìèðå, ïîñêîëüêó îòðàáîòàííûå ñìàçî÷íûå ìàñëà çíà÷èòåëüíî çàãðÿçíÿþò áèîñôåðó. Êðîìå òîãî, â îòëè÷èå îò íåôòè è äðóãèõ íåôòåïðîäóêòîâ, îòðàáîòàííûå ìîòîðíûå ìàñëà ïðè ïîïàäàíèè â îêðóæàþùóþ ñðåäó åù¸ â ìåíüøåé ñòå- ïåíè îáåçâðåæèâàþòñÿ åñòåñòâåííûì ïóò¸ì (îêèñëåíèå, ôîòîõèìè÷åñêèå ðåàêöèè, áèîðàçëîæåíèå).  ïðîöåññå ýêñïëóàòàöèè êà÷åñòâî ìàñëà èçìåíÿåòñÿ çà ñ÷¸ò òåðìè÷åñêîãî ðàçëîæåíèÿ è îêèñëåíèÿ.  ðåçóëüòàòå ýòèõ ïðîöåññîâ â ìàñëàõ íàêàïëèâàþòñÿ àñôàëüòî-ñìîëè- ñòûå ñîåäèíåíèÿ, ÷àñòèöû ñàæè, ðàçëè÷íûå ñîëè, êèñëî- òû, ïîâåðõíîñòíî-àêòèâíûå âåùåñòâà, ÷àñòèöû ìåòàëëîâ è îêèñëîâ. Ê ýòîìó íåîáõîäèìî äîáàâèòü, ÷òî ïðèñàäêè, ñîäåðæàùèåñÿ â ìàñëàõ, óäåðæèâàþò çàãðÿçíÿþùèå âåùåñòâà, ïîïàäàþùèå â ìàñëà èëè îáðàçóþùèåñÿ â ìàñëàõ â ïðîöåññå ýêñïëóàòà- öèè. Ïîýòîìó ïðè ñæèãàíèè îòðàáîòàííûõ ìàñåë ïðîèñõîäèò çàãðÿçíåíèå àòìîñôåðû òÿæ¸ëûìè ìåòàëëàìè, ñàæåé, äèîêñè- äîì ñåðû è ò.ä.  ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì âî ìíîãèõ ñòðàíàõ îòðàáîòàí- íûå ìàñëà ñæèãàþòñÿ òîëüêî ïîñëå óäàëåíèÿ èç íèõ ýêîëîãè÷å- ñêè âðåäíûõ âåùåñòâ. Êðîìå òîãî, Äèðåêòèâû Åâðîïåéñêîãî Ñîþçà (ÅÑ) îïðåäå- ëÿþò îòðàáîòàííûå ìàñëà êàê îòõîäû, óòèëèçàöèÿ êîòîðûõ ðåãóëèðóåòñÿ çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâîì ÅÑ ïî îòõîäàì, åñëè íåò íàöèîíàëüíîãî çàêîíà. Çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâî ÅÑ ïðåäóñìàòðè- âàåò ïîâòîðíîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå îòðàáîòàííûõ ìàñåë. Åñëè íåò òåõíè÷åñêèõ, ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ èëè îðãàíèçàöèîííûõ ïðå- ïÿòñòâèé, çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâî ÅÑ óêàçûâàåò íà ïîâòîðíóþ ïå- ðåðàáîòêó êàê íà íàèëó÷øèé ìåòîä óòèëèçàöèè ñ òî÷êè çðå- íèÿ ýêîíîìèè ýíåðãèè è óìåíüøåíèÿ çàãðÿçíåíèÿ âîçäóõà. Положение дел в регионе Ê îãðîìíîìó ñîæàëåíèþ, â íàøåì ðåãèîíå çà÷àñòóþ âûðèñîâûâàåòñÿ ñëåäóþùàÿ ñõåìà îáîðîòà îòõîäîâ. Íà ýòàïå ðàçðàáîòêè ëèìèòîâ ðàçìåùåíèÿ îòõîäîâ, ïðèðîäî- ïîëüçîâàòåëü çàâåäîìî çàíèæàåò îáú¸ìû îáðàçóþùèõñÿ îòõîäîâ ëèáî ðàññ÷èòûâàåò ýòè îáú¸ìû, èñõîäÿ èç ìèíè- ìàëüíûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ. Íî çà âðåìÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòè, ðåàëüíî îáðàçóþùèåñÿ îáú¸ìû ìîãóò ïðåâûñèòü äåêëàðèðóåìûå îáú¸ìû â 10 è áîëåå ðàç. Òàê êàê îáú¸ìû îòõîäîâ ôàêòè- ÷åñêè ïîëó÷àþòñÿ íåó÷ò¸ííûìè, òî èõ äàëüíåéøàÿ ñóäüáà òðóäíî ïðåäñêàçóåìà. АСКОЙЛ – Ваш надёжный партнёр на Севере России ASKOIL – Your reliable partner on the North Russia Кирилл КАЗАЧЕНКО, директор ООО «Аскойл» Kirill KAZACHENKO, Director Askoil LTD RECYCLING OF WASTE OIL About the problem The problem of waste oil and other waste products is acute for the whole world today, as waste lubrication oil are greatly polluting the biosphere. Besides, unlike crude oil and other oil products, waste engine oil in the environment have a smaller degree of decomposition (acidizing, photochemical reactions, biodestruction). During the usage the quality of oil changes due to thermal deterioration and acidizing. As a result of these processes oil accumulates asphalt and resins compounds, carbon char particles, various salts, acids, surface-active substances, particles of metals and oxides. It should be also added that additives contained in oil keep polluting substances getting into the oil or appearing in the oil during its usage. Thus when waste oils are burned the atmosphere gets polluted with heavó metals, carbon char, sulphur dioxide, etc. In many countries waste oils are burned only after the extraction of all environmentally harmful substances out of them. Besides, EU Directives define waste oil as waste that should be recycled according to the EU recycling legislation, if there is no national law. EU legislation implies recycling and reuse of waste oil. If there are no technical, economical or organisational obstructions, EU legislation names recycling and reuse as the best way of disposal from the point of view of energy saving and diminishing air pollution. 24 ìàðò 2012 ¹ 1(19) ÌóðìàíøåëüôÈíôî