МурманшельфИнфо. 2012, N 1 (19).

Ìåæäóíàðîäíîå ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâî International cooperation Ìóðìàíñêàÿ îáëàñòü ÿâëÿåòñÿ ýêñïîðòíî-îðèåíòèðîâàí- íûì ðåãèîíîì, ñàëüäî âíåøíåé òîðãîâëè ïîëîæèòåëüíîå.  îáùåì îáú¸ìå òîâàðîîáîðîòà íà äîëþ ýêñïîðòà ïðèõîäèò- ñÿ 86,9 %, èìïîðòà - 13,1 %. Ãëàâíûìè òîâàðàìè ýêñïîðòà ïî-ïðåæíåìó ÿâëÿþòñÿ ìåòàëëû è èçäåëèÿ èç íèõ. Èõ äîëÿ ñîñòàâèëà 44,6 % îò îáùåãî îáú¸ìà ýêñïîðòà (â ÿíâàðå - èþíå 2010 ãîäà - 53,1 %). Çíà÷èòåëüíîå ìåñòî â ñòðóêòóðå ýêñïîðòà çàíèìàþò ìèíåðàëüíûå ïðîäóêòû - 28,1 % (25,4 %), ïðîäîâîëü- ñòâåííûå òîâàðû è ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîå ñûðüå - 24,8 % (19,3 %). Îñíîâíûìè ïàðòíåðàìè ïî èìïîðòíûì îïåðàöèÿì ÿâ- ëÿþòñÿ - Ôèíëÿíäèÿ (äîëÿ â èìïîðòå - 26,1 %), Áåëàðóñü (16,3 %), Íîðâåãèÿ (15,5 %), Èðëàíäèÿ (9,6 %), ×åõèÿ (4,8 %), Øâåöèÿ (4,1 %), Ãåðìàíèÿ (3,7 %), ßïîíèÿ (3,2 %), Ãâèíåÿ (3,2 %), Êèòàé (1,9 %).  ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòà «Áàðåíö Ëîãèñòèêà 2»* çàïëàíèðîâàí ðÿä ïðèêëàäíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, òåìàòèêà êîòîðûõ îïðå- äåëåíà îñíîâíûìè ïîòðåáíîñòÿìè ïàðòí¸ðîâ ïðîåêòà, à òàêæå ïîòðåáíîñòÿìè ó÷àñòíèêîâ âíåøíåýêîíîìè÷åñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè â Ìóðìàíñêîé îáëàñòè è Áàðåíö-ðåãèîíå. Ðåçóëüòàòû îäíîãî èç èññëåäîâàíèé ïîçâîëèëè âûÿâèòü íå- ñêîëüêî ãðóïï ôàêòîðîâ, êîòîðûå ìîæíî êëàññèôèöèðîâàòü êàê áàðüåðû äëÿ îñóùåñòâëåíèÿ ïðèãðàíè÷íûõ áèçíåñ-îïå- ðàöèé â Ìóðìàíñêîé îáëàñòè. Таможенные барьеры: •  ñîîòâåòñòâèå ñ çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâîì ÐÔ íà ðÿä ãðóçîâ ïðåäóñìîòðåíî íåîïðàâäàííî ïîäðîáíîå äåêëàðèðîâà- íèå • Íèçêîå êà÷åñòâî ðàáîòû ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé òàìîæåííûõ îðãàíîâ • Òàìîæíÿ âûïîëíÿåò ôèñêàëüíóþ ôóíêöèþ è íå íàöåëå- íà íà ðàçâèòèå òîðãîâëè • Íåðàçâèòîñòü òàìîæåííîé ëîãèñòèêè (îòñóòñòâèå ñåð- âèñíûõ ïóíêòîâ, ñêëàäîâ, íèçêîå êà÷åñòâî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ, çíà÷èòåëüíûå ïîòåðè âðåìåíè ïðè äåêëàðèðîâàíèè ãðó- çîâ) • Îòñóòñòâèå íà ïðîïóñêíûõ ïóíêòàõ âåòåðèíàðíîé ñëóæáû • Êà÷åñòâî ñâÿçè íà ïðîïóñêíûõ ïóíêòàõ, êàê ïðàâèëî, íèçêîå. Âñ¸ åù¸ íå ïîëíîñòüþ âíåäðåíî ýëåêòðîííîå äå- êëàðèðîâàíèå. Áþðîêðàòè÷åñêèå áàðüåðû â ïåðèîä ïåðå- õîäà íà ýëåêòðîííîå äåêëàðèðîâàíèå • Äëèòåëüíîå îôîðìëåíèå ãðóçîâ íà Ðîññèéñêîé ãðà- íèöå; • Ïðîáëåìû ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîãî äåêëàðèðîâàíèÿ, ñëîæ- íîñòü ïîñëåäóþùèõ êîððåêòèðîâîê • Íà ðÿä òîâàðîâ íåîïðàâäàííî çàâûøåíà ïîøëèíà • Êîððåêòèðîâêà òàìîæåííîé ñòîèìîñòè (ÊÒÑ) áåç ó÷¸òà ñïåöèôèêè ðåãèîíà. Инфраструктурные барьеры: • Ïëîõîå ðàçâèòèå, à ôàêòè÷åñêè îòñóòñòâèå òðàíñïîð- òíî-ëîãèñòè÷åñêèõ öåíòðîâ â ã. Ìóðìàíñêå è Ìóðìàíñêîé îáëàñòè • Íèçêàÿ îñíàù¸ííîñòü ñêëàäîâ âðåìåííîãî õðàíåíèÿ ñî- âðåìåííûìè ïîãðóçî-ðàçãðóçî÷íûìè ìåõàíèçìàìè. Барьеры транспортно- логистической системы • Äîëãîå îôîðìëåíèå ïðèáûâøèõ òîâàðîâ • Íåîáîñíîâàííî çàâûøåííûå òàðèôû íà ñêëàäñêèå óñ- ëóãè èç-çà ìîíîïîëèçàöèè ðûíêà ñêëàäîâ âðåìåííîãî õðà- íåíèÿ (ÑÂÕ). Барьеры, связанные с Законодательством РФ: • Ñëîæíîñòü è çàïóòàííîñòü ðîññèéñêîãî çàêîíîäàòåëü- ñòâà ïî ðÿäó âîïðîñîâ. Çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâî ÐÔ â èññëåäóå- ìîé ñôåðå çíà÷èòåëüíî ñëîæíåå, ÷åì â ðÿäå åâðîïåéñêèõ ñòðàí • Äëèòåëüíîñòü ïðîõîæäåíèÿ èíôîðìàöèè îá èçìåíåíè- ÿõ â çàêîíîäàòåëüíîé áàçå ê ïåðåâîç÷èêàì, íåèçáåæíîñòü ïîãðåøíîñòåé è îøèáîê • Ñëàáàÿ çàêîíîäàòåëüíàÿ èíôîðìèðîâàííîñòü êîìïà- íèé, íóæäàþùèõñÿ â óñëóãàõ ïåðåâîç÷èêîâ • Íåîáõîäèìîñòü ðàçâèòèÿ ïîñðåäíè÷åñêèõ ñëóæá, ïðî- ôåññèîíàëüíî âëàäåþùèõ èíôîðìàöèåé î ïðàâèëàõ è íîðìàòèâàõ ÊîÀÏ ÐÔ, Òàìîæåííîì Êîäåêñå, ïîìîãàþùèõ ïðåäïðèÿòèÿì èçáåãàòü øòðàôíûå ñàíêöèè. The Murmansk region is export-oriented region, the balance of external trade is positive. In the general volume of sales turnover export comprises 86,9 %, import - 13,1 %. Main goods for export still remain metals and metal objects. Their share comprised 44,6 % from the general volume of export (in January - June 2010 - 53,1 %). Mineral products take a considerable place in the structure of export - 28,1 % (25,4 %), food products and agriculture raw materials - 24,8 % (19,3 %). Main partners on import operations are – Finland (share in import - 26,1 %), Belorussia (16,3 %), Norway (15,5 %), Ireland (9,6 %), Czech Republic (4,8 %), Sweden (4,1 %), Germany (3,7 %), Japan (3,2 %), Guinea (3,2 %), China (1,9 %). Within the frameworks of the project «Barents Logistics2»* it is planned to implement some applied researches, the thematics of which is defined by the basic demands of the Project Partners, as well as by the needs of the participants of external economic activity in the Murmansk region and the Barents region. The results of one of the researches allowed reveal several groups of factors, which can be classified as barriers for implementation of business operations in the Murmansk region. The results of the research allowed us revealing several groups of factors, which can be classified as barriers for implementation of cross-border business operations in the Murmansk region. Customs barriers: • In accordance with the legislation of RF there is unreasonable detailed declaring for some cargos • Low quality of work of representatives of customs authorities • Customs is fulfilling fiscal function and is not pointed at development of trade • Underdevelopment of customs logistics (absence of service centers, storehouses, low quality of service, considerable losses of time during declaring of cargos) • Absence of veterinarian service at checkpoints • The quality of connection at the checkpoints is, usually, very low. Electronic declaring is not introduced at the full extend. Bureaucratic barriers in the period of transition to the e-declaring • Long period of cargos execution at the Russian border • Problems of preliminary declaring, complexity of further corrections • Extremely high customs duties for some cargos • Correcting of customs value (CCV) without consideration of the region´s specifics. Infrastructure barriers: • Low development, or even absence of transport and logistics centers in Murmansk and the Murmansk region • Low fitting of warehouses of temporary storage with modern loading and unloading mechanisms. Barriers of transport and logistics system: • Long period of formalities with incoming cargos • Unreasonably high prices for storehouse services due to the monopoly of temporary storehouses market. Barriers, connected with the legislation of Russian Federation: • Complexity and perplex of Russian legislation in specific issues. Russian legislation in the studied aspect is much complicated than in the European countries • Long period of the information concerning changes in legal basis regarding carriers, is too long, inevitability of mistakes and errors • Weak legislative awareness of the companies, which need services of carriers • Necessity to develop intermediate services, professionally possessing information regarding rules and norms of Administrative offences code of the Russian Federation, Customs Code, helping companies avoid fines. To define the directions of efficiency enhancement in business operations development and horizontal logistics were summed up the answers of companies’ March 2012 ¹ 1 (19) MurmanshelfInfo 21