МурманшельфИнфо. 2012, N 1 (19).

íåôòè è ãàçà, ëþáàÿ òàêàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü áóäåò òàê èëè èíà- ÷å çàòðàãèâàòü îñíîâíîé ïðîìûñëîâûé âèä Áàðåíöåâà ìîðÿ – òðåñêó. Ïðåðûâàíèå ïóòåé ìèãðàöèè (äàæå îäíîêðàòíîå) ìîæåò íàðóøèòü âåñü æèçíåííûé öèêë âèäà. Åñëè ó Íîðä- Êàïà íà÷àòü âåñòè èíòåíñèâíûå ðàçâåäî÷íûå ðàáîòû è áó- ðåíèå, òî ýòî íå äàñò òðåñêå âîçìîæíîñòü ïðîéòè äàëüøå íà âîñòîê, ò.å. âíîâü â ÈÝÇ ÐÔ. Ìîæíî ñäåëàòü âòîðîé âàæíûé âûâîä: ëþáàÿ äåÿòåëü- íîñòü ïî ðàçâåäêå èëè äîáû÷å íåôòè è ãàçà â Áàðåíöåâîì ìîðå áóäåò âëèÿòü íà æèçíåííûé öèêë îñíîâíûõ ïðîìûñëî- âûõ âèäîâ. Íà ðèñóíêå 4 ïðåäñòàâëåíî íàèáîëüøåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå ëüäà â ñàìîì õîëîäíîì ãîäó çà ïîñëåäíèå 35 ëåò â Áà- ðåíöåâîì ìîðå (àïðåëü 1979 ã.). Íàãëÿäíî âèäíî, ÷òî âñå ñóùåñòâóþùèå è ïîòåíöèàëüíûå ìåñòîðîæäåíèÿ íåôòè è ãàçà íàõîäÿòñÿ â çîíå, ïîêðûòîé ëüäîì.  ýòèõ óñëîâèÿõ ñóùåñòâóåò äâå àëüòåðíàòèâû: 1) Ó÷èòûâàÿ óÿçâèìîñòü îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû â Àðêòèêå, âîçäåðæàòüñÿ îò ïðîìûøëåííîé ðàçðàáîòêè óãëåâîäîðîä- íûõ çàïàñîâ íà âñåé àêâàòîðèè Áàðåíöåâà ìîðÿ è, îñîáåí- íî, íà ïóòÿõ ìèãðàöèè òðåñêè è ïèêøè. 2) Ïðèíÿòü ñïåöèàëüíûå ñòàíäàðòû ïðîìûøëåííîé ðàç- ðàáîòêè óãëåâîäîðîäîâ â óñëîâèÿõ Àðêòèêè, ïðè ýòîì òðàäè- öèîííîìó ðàöèîíàëüíîìó èñïîëüçîâàíèþ âîçîáíîâëÿåìûõ ìîðñêèõ æèâûõ ðåñóðñîâ àðêòè÷åñêèõ ìîðåé îòäà¸òñÿ ïðè- îðèòåòíîå çíà÷åíèå. Ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ àâòîðà, â Áàðåíöåâîì ìîðå ðûáîëîâñòâó íåîáõîäèìî îòäàòü ïðèîðèòåò, êàê òðàäèöèîííîìó ïîëüçî- âàòåëþ. Øòîêìàí ïëàíèðóåòñÿ ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòü îêîëî 50 ëåò. Àêòèâíàÿ æå ôàçà ïðîåêòà, êîòîðàÿ áóäåò ýêîíîìè÷åñêè ýôôåêòèâíà â ñëó÷àå, åñëè ïðîåêòó áóäóò ïðåäîñòàâëåíû íàëîãîâûå ëüãîòû, ñîñòàâèò âñåãî 30 ëåò. Ðûáîëîâñòâî ìû âåä¸ì, êàê ìèíèìóì, òûñÿ÷ó ëåò. Ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêîå çíà÷åíèå ðûáîëîâñòâà â Áàðåíöåâîì ìîðå è äëÿ Ðîññèè, è äëÿ Íîðâåãèè, äà è âñåé Åâðîïû, çíà÷èòåëüíî áîëüøå íå- ôòåãàçîâûõ ïðîåêòîâ íà øåëüôå Áàðåíöåâà ìîðÿ. Ñëåäóåò ó÷èòûâàòü, ÷òî Áàðåíöåâî ìîðå - ýòî îäíî èç íå- ìíîãèõ ïîêà åùå íå çàãðÿçí¸ííûõ ìîðåé, ãäå ðûáà è ðàêîî- áðàçíûå ïîëüçóþòñÿ ïîâûøåííûì ñïðîñîì ó ïîòðåáèòåëåé êàê ñàìàÿ ÷èñòàÿ ìîðñêàÿ ïðîäóêöèÿ èç ñåâåðíûõ õîëîäíûõ ìîðåé Àðêòèêè. Ïîòåðÿòü ýòîò áðýíä – çíà÷èò ëèøèòü ðàáî- òû äåñÿòêè òûñÿ÷ ðûáàêîâ, è ðûáîïåðåðàáîò÷èêîâ Ðîññèè, Íîðâåãèè, Èñëàíäèè, Ôàðåðñêèõ îñòðîâîâ, Ãðåíëàíäèè è äðóãèõ ñòðàí. Âñå ìû ïîíèìàåì, ÷òî îñòàíîâèòü ðàçâèòèå íåôòåãàçîâûõ ïðîåêòîâ íåâîçìîæíî, ïîýòîìó æèçíåííî íåîáõîäèìî ïðè- íÿòü îñîáûå ñòàíäàðòû äîáû÷è óãëåâîäîðîäîâ â àðêòè÷å- ñêèõ øèðîòàõ, ïðè ýòîì îòäàâàÿ ïðèîðèòåò òðàäèöèîííîìó âèäó äåÿòåëüíîñòè – ðûáîëîâñòâó. the Barents Sea – the codfish. Breaking the migration routes (even once) can disturb all vital cycle of species. If near the Nordkapp the intensive exploration works and drilling will be started, it will not allow to codfish to go further on East, i.e. again to EEZ of Russia. The second important conclusion can be done: any activity for exploration or exploitation of oil and gas in the Barents Sea will influence the vital cycle of main fishing grounds. On the picture 4, ice extent in the coldest year for the last 35 years in the Barents Sea is shown (April of 1979). It is demonstrably seen that all existing potential deposits of oil and gas are in zones covered with ice. Under these conditions there are two alternatives: 1) Take into account the vulnerability of environment of the Arctic, to abstain the industrial development of hydrocarbons on all water area of the Barents Sea and, especially, on the routes of migration of codfish and haddock. 2) Accept the special standards for industrial development of hydrocarbons in the Arctic, give the priority to traditional rational usage of renewable marine living resources of arctic seas. From author´s point of view, fishery in the Barents Sea shall be given a priority as a traditional user. It is planned to exploit the Shtokman for around 50 years. Active phase of the project which will be economically effective in the case if the project will get the tax remissions will be for 30 years. Fishery was carried out for minimum of 1000 years. The social-economic significance of fishery in the Barents Sea for Russia, and for Norway, and for all Europe is considerably more than oil and gas projects on the shelf of the Barents Sea. Keep in mind that the Barents Sea is one of few not yet polluted seas where the fish and the crustaceans are getting the high demand among customers as the purest sea products from the cold northern seas of Arctic. To lose the brand means to get tens of thousands fishermen, and fish processors of Russia, Norway, Iceland, Faroe Islands, Greenland and others unemployed. We all understand that it is impossible to stop the oil and gas projects thereby it is vitally important to take special standards of development of hydrocarbons in the Arctic region and to give the priority to the traditional activity type – the fishery. 16 ìàðò 2012 ¹ 1(19) ÌóðìàíøåëüôÈíôî