МурманшельфИнфо. 2012, N 1 (19).

- ðûáîëîâñòâî; - ðàçâåäêà è ðàçðàáîòêà óãëåâîäîðîäíûõ çàïàñîâ; - âîåííî-ìîðñêàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü è áåçîïàñíîñòü ïðèáðåæ- íûõ àðêòè÷åñêèõ ãîñóäàðñòâ; - íàó÷íàÿ è ïðèðîäîîõðàííàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü. Ê íàñòîÿùåìó âðåìåíè íàèáîëüøåå ðàçâèòèå è ñîöèàëü- íî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêîå çíà÷åíèå äëÿ ïðèàðêòè÷åñêèõ ãîñóäàðñòâ èìååò ðûáîëîâñòâî. Ðûáîëîâñòâî âåäåòñÿ çäåñü óæå êàê ìè- íèìóì òûñÿ÷ó ëåò, à ìîæåò è áîëüøå. Ýòî íåîáõîäèìî ïðè- íèìàòü âî âíèìàíèå ïðè ðåøåíèè î íà÷àëå íåôòåãàçîâûõ ïðîåêòîâ. Íåîáõîäèìî îáðàòèòü âíèìàíèå íà òàêîé âàæíûé ôàêòîð êàê ñèñòåìà òå÷åíèé Áàðåíöåâà ìîðÿ (ðèñ.1). Îíà òàêîâà, ÷òî âîäíûå ìàññû ïåðåíîñÿòñÿ ñ çàïàäà íà âîñòîê, òî åñòü â ïðèáðåæíîé è â ñðåäíåé ÷àñòè Áàðåíöåâà ìîðÿ òå÷åíèÿ íàïðàâëåíû íà âîñòîê. Äàæå â ðàéîíå Øïèöáåðåãíà àðêòè÷å- ñêèå òå÷åíèÿ íàïðàâëåíû ê ïîáåðåæüþ. Áîëåå òîãî, ïåðåíîñ õîëîäíûõ àðêòè÷åñêèõ âîä èìååò îáùóþ íàïðàâëåííîñòü íà þã, ò.å. âíîâü â ðîññèéñêóþ ýêîíîìè÷åñêóþ çîíó. Èç ýòîãî ñëåäóåò íåóòåøèòåëüíûé âûâîä: ãäå áû íè ïðîèçîøëà àâà- ðèÿ, âñå çàãðÿçíåíèÿ áóäóò ïåðåíåñåíû â ðîññèéñêóþ ÈÝÇ è íà ðîññèéñêèé êîíòèíåíòàëüíûé øåëüô. Âñå ðàçðàáîòêè Рис.1. Течения Баренцева моря. Pic. 1. Stream lines of the Barents Sea Рис. 2. Акватории, предлагаемые для закрытия для всех видов бурения Pic. 2. Water areas proposed to be closed for all types of drilling - discovery and development of hydrocarbons; - naval activities and safety of near-shore Arctic States; - scientific and environmental protection activities. Currently, fishery has biggest development and social- economical significance for subarctic states. Fishery is carried out here at least for thousand years or, maybe, more. This shall be taken into account for decisions about the starting time of oil and gas projects. It is necessary to pay attention to such important factor as the system of streamlines of the Barents Sea (see picture 1). It is such that the body of water transferred from West to East which means that in near-shore and in the middle of the Barents Sea streams are directed to the East. Even in the region of Spitzbergen, Arctic streams are directed to the coast. Moreover, the transfer of cold arctic water has the common direction to the South, which means to the Russian Economic Zones again. From this follows the disappointing conclusion: no matter where the accident occurred, all the pollution will be moved to the Russian EEZ and on the Russian continental shelf. All developments on the continental shelf of Norway and on the continental shelf of Spitzbergen put at risk, first of all, the Russian EEZ. This fact should be particularly Ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâî â Àðêòèêå Cooperation in the Arctic 14 ìàðò 2012 ¹ 1(19) ÌóðìàíøåëüôÈíôî ãðàíèöà ðàéîíà Äîãîâîðà î Øïèöáåðãåíå 1920 ã. border area of the Spitsbergen Treaty (1920) ãðàíèöà ïîëÿðíûõ âëàäåíèé Ðîññèè 1926 ã. border of Russian Polar domains Russia (1926) ãðàíèöà ñîãëàñíî äîãîâîðà 2010 ã. border according to the 2010 border agreement ãðàíèöà ïîëÿðíûõ âëàäåíèé Ðîññèè 1926 ã. border of Russian Polar domains Russia (1926) ãðàíèöà ñîãëàñíî äîãîâîðà 2010 ã. border according to the 2010 border agreement ãðàíèöà ðàéîíà Äîãîâîðà î Øïèöáåðãåíå 1920 ã. border area of the Spitsbergen Treaty (1920) 1 - ó÷àñòêè ðåêîìåíäóåìûå ê çàêðûòèþ äëÿ áóðåíèÿ 1 - areas recommended to be closed for drilling 2 - ìåñòîðîæäåíèÿ è ñòðóêòóðû 2 - deposits and structure