Мурманшельфинфо. 2011, №4.

September 2011 ¹ 4 (17) MurmanshelfInfo 1 Îëüãà ÁÓ×, ãëàâíûé ðåäàêòîð æóðíàëà «ÌóðìàíøåëüôÈíôî» Olga BUCH, Editor-in-Chief MurmanshelfInfo Ì óðìàíñêàÿ îáëàñòü ïðåäëàãàåò îãðîìíûå âîçìîæíîñòè äëÿ ðàçâèòèÿ áèç- íåñà. Ñòðàòåãè÷åñêîå ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîå ïîëîæåíèå, áîãàòàÿ ìèíåðàëüíî-ñûðüå- âàÿ áàçà, íåçàìåðçàþùèé ïîðò, áëèçîñòü ãðàíèöû ñ ÅÑ è ò.ä. Âñ¸ ýòî ñîçäà- ¸ò ïðåèìóùåñòâà äëÿ ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ èíâåñòèöèé, îäíàêî ñóùåñòâóþò è áàðüåðû ðàçâèòèÿ èíâåñòèöèîííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè. Ýòî ìíîãî÷èñëåííûå ôàêòîðû ðèñêà- ðåãèîíàëüíûå, ìåæðåãèîíàëüíûå, îòðàñëåâûå… Ýòè ôàêòîðû ìîãóò îòðèöà- òåëüíî ïîâëèÿòü îñîáåííî íà èíîñòðàííûõ èíâåñòîðîâ, êîòîðûå äåéñòâóþò â ñòðîãîì ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ âíóòðåííèìè ïðèíöèïàìè êîðïîðàòèâíîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ è íå èìåþò ìåñòíûõ ïàðòí¸ðîâ, êîòîðûå áåðóò íà ñåáÿ ïðåîäîëåíèå ìíîãèõ ïðîöåäóðíûõ ïðåïîí. Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ðåãèîíû ìîãóò òåðÿòü «õîðîøèõ» èíî- ñòðàííûõ èíâåñòîðîâ. Îñíîâíàÿ çàäà÷à âëàñòíûõ ñòðóêòóð - íå äîïóñòèòü, ÷òîáû ìåðû êîíòðîëÿ è ãî- ñóäàðñòâåííîãî ðåãóëèðîâàíèÿ ïðåâðàùàëèñü â íåñîêðóøèìûå áàðüåðû íà ïóòè äâèæåíèÿ êàïèòàëà, íå òîðìîçèëè ïðîâåäåíèå òåêóùèõ îïåðàöèé, íå ñòàíîâè- ëèñü äîïîëíèòåëüíûìè (à èíîãäà è îñíîâíûìè) àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûìè áàðüåðàìè íà ïóòè èíâåñòèöèé.  ðàçëè÷íîé ñòåïåíè íåîáõîäèìî óäåëÿòü âíèìàíèå òàêèì îáëàñòÿì, êàê: ñîçäàíèå áîëåå ñòàáèëüíûõ ìàêðîýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèé; ëèáåðàëèçàöèÿ êîíòðîëÿ íàä ñäåëêàìè â èíîñòðàííîé âàëþòå; ëèáåðàëèçàöèÿ òîðãîâëè; ðàöèîíàëèçàöèÿ íàëîãîâûõ ñòðóêòóð; ëèáåðàëèçàöèÿ èíâåñòèöèîííûõ çàêîíîâ è îãðàíè÷åíèé; àêòèâíîå ñîäåéñòâèå èíîñòðàííûì èíâåñòèöèÿì è ýêñïîðòó. Îïðåäåëåíèå îñíîâíûõ íàïðàâëåíèé ñíèæåíèÿ àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûõ áàðüåðîâ äëÿ óëó÷øåíèÿ èíâåñòèöèîííîãî êëèìàòà òåñíî ñâÿçàíî ñ ïîëèòèêîé, êîòîðàÿ ðóêîâîäñòâóåòñÿ ðàçðàáîòàííûìè ïðèíöèïàìè, êîíêðåòèçèðóåò èõ ïðèìåíè- òåëüíî ê îïðåäåë¸ííûì óñëîâèÿì ìåñòà è âðåìåíè è ðåàëèçóåò â ñâîè ðåøåíèÿ è äåéñòâèÿ. Áåç ïîëèòèêè âñå ðàçðàáîòêè îñòàþòñÿ ÷èñòûì ïîæåëàíèåì. Ñ äðó- ãîé ñòîðîíû íàëè÷èå èíâåñòèöèîííîé ñòðàòåãèè, ñ ïðèíöèïàìè êîòîðîé ñîîòíî- ñèòñÿ ïîëèòèêà, ïðèäà¸ò ïîëèòèêå ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü è öåëåíàïðàâëåííîñòü. Ïîëèòèêà âñåãäà êîíêðåòíà è å¸ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü çàâèñèò îò ñïîñîáíîñòè ãèáêî ðåàãèðîâàòü íà ïðîèñõîäÿùèå â îáùåñòâå èçìåíåíèÿ. M urmansk region offers huge opportunities for business development. Strategic geographical location, rich mineral raw material resource, ice-free port, the proximity of the border with the EU, etc. All this makes advantages for attracting investment, but there are barriers to the development of investment activity. There are numerous risk factors - regional, interregional, industry... These factors may adversely affect especially to foreign investors who operate in strict compliance with internal corporate governance principles and have no local partners, who take on the many procedural hurdles to overcome. Consequently, the regions can lose the «good» foreign investors. Not to allow the controls and state regulation became invincible barriers to capital movement, not hindered the conduct of current operations, do not constitute an additional (and sometimes major) administrative barriers to investment - are the main responsibilities of the power structures today. For varying degrees there is a need to focus on areas such as: creating a more stable macroeconomic environment; liberalization of controls over transactions in foreign currency; trade liberalization; rationalization of tax structures; liberalization of investment laws and restrictions; actively promote foreign investment and exports. Outline the main directions of reducing administrative barriers to improving the investment climate is closely linked to politics. Politics for one’s part is guided by the principles developed, elaborates on their relation to specific conditions of time and place and implements in their decisions and actions. Without the policy, all development continues remains a pure desire. On the other hand, the presence of an investment strategy, which corresponds with the principles of policy, makes it coherent and focused. Politics is always concrete and its effectiveness depends on its ability to respond flexibly to the changes taking place in society. Îò ðåäàêòîðà Editor note