МурманшельфИнфо. 2010, N 4 (13).

ãàçîâûõ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé íà àêâàòîðèÿõ Îáñêîé è Òàçîâñêîé ãóá. Çäåñü â òå÷åíèå íåñêîëüêèõ ëåò ñèëàìè «äî÷êè» «Ãàçïðî- ìà», êîìïàíèè ÎÎÎ «Ãàçôëîò» îòêðûòî íåñêîëüêî êðóïíûõ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé ãàçà, ñðåäè êîòîðûõ ×óãîðüÿõèíñêîå, Ñåâå- ðî-Êàìåíîìûññêîå, Êàìåíîìûññêîå, Îáñêîå, Ñåìàêîâñêîå, Àäåðïàþòèíñêîå, Àíòèïàþòèíñêîå. Ñ ó÷¸òîì òîãî, ÷òî Îáñêàÿ ãóáà ñâîáîäíà îòî ëüäà ëèøü òðè-÷åòûðå ìåñÿöà â ãîäó, çäåñü ïðèä¸òñÿ èñïîëüçîâàòü êîìïëåêñû ñ ïîäâîäíûì çàêàí÷èâàíè- åì ñêâàæèí, ïðèìåíÿòü çàêðûòûå êåññîíû ñ çàãëóáëåíèåì ìà- íèôîëüäîâ íèæå ãëóáèíû ïðîïàøêè äíà ëåäîâûìè ñòàìóõàìè, ìîðñêèå ëåäîñòîéêèå òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèå ïëàòôîðìû ãðàâèòàöè- îííîãî èëè ñóäîâîãî òèïà. Экологии первостепенное внимание Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîå ðåãóëèðîâàíèå â îáëàñòè îõðàíû îêðóæàþ- ùåé ñðåäû è îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñòè èãðàþò îãðîìíîå çíà÷åíèå â óñëîâèÿõ ìàñøòàáíîãî îñâîåíèÿ Àðêòèêè. Çäåñü ñëîæèëàñü ñâîÿ óíèêàëüíàÿ, íî ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî ðàíèìàÿ ýêîñèñòåìà. Ñ êàæäûì ãîäîì âîçðàñòàåò àíòðîïîãåííàÿ íàãðóç- êà íà ïðèðîäó. Îïàñíîñòü âîçðàñòàåò â ñâÿçè ñ ãðÿäóùèì íà- ÷àëîì äîáû÷è óãëåâîäîðîäíîãî ñûðüÿ è åãî òðàíñïîðòèðîâêîé ìîðñêèìè ñóäàìè. Óæå ñåãîäíÿ ÷åðåç àðêòè÷åñêèå ìîðÿ ïåðå- âîçèòñÿ áîëåå 10 ìèëëèîíîâ òîíí íåôòè è íåôòåïðîäóêòîâ, è â áëèæàéøèå ãîäû ýòè îáú¸ìû âîçðàñòóò â íåñêîëüêî ðàç. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, â Àðêòèêå äî ñèõ ïîð îòñóòñòâóåò ñèñòåìà ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî ìîíèòîðèíãà â àðêòè÷åñêîé çîíå ÐÔ, îòñóò- ñòâóþò ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå íîðìàòèâû. Íà ïîâåñòêå äíÿ ðàçðàáîòêà è ïðèíÿòèå çàêîíà îá îñíîâàõ äîáû÷è è òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè íåôòåãàçîâûõ ðåñóðñîâ â Àðêòèêå. Необходимо комплексное развитие Севморпути Íåìàëî ðîññèéñêèõ è èíîñòðàííûõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ñîáðàëà êîíôåðåíöèÿ, ïîñâÿù¸ííàÿ ðàçâèòèþ ïîðòîâ è âîçðîæäåíèþ Ñåâìîðïóòè. Âîçðîæäåíèå ÑÌÏ è ñîçäàíèå ñîâðåìåííîé èí- ôðàñòðóêòóðû ïîçâîëèò èíòåãðèðîâàòüñÿ â ìèðîâóþ òðàíñ- ïîðòíóþ ñèñòåìó. Óæå íà 2011 ãîä ïîñòóïèëî 11 çàÿâîê íà òðàíçèòíûå ïðîâîä- êè òàíêåðîâ è ñóõîãðóçîâ ïî ÑÌÏ. Âîîáùå æå, ïîòåíöèàë ÑÌÏ ê 2020 ãîäó ñïåöèàëèñòû îöåíèâàþò â 45 ìèëëèîíîâ òîíí. Íî îäíèõ àòîìíûõ ëåäîêîëîâ äëÿ ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ ÑÌÏ êàê ìåæäóíàðîäíîé òðàíçèòíîé òðàññû, íåäîñòàòî÷íî. Íóæ- íî ðåêîíñòðóèðîâàòü ïîðòû Ìóðìàíñê, Àðõàíãåëüñê, Íàðüÿí- Ìàð, Ñàëåõàðä, Äóäèíêó, Äèêñîí, Ïåâåê, ðàçâèòü íà ñîâðå- ìåííîì óðîâíå ãèäðîãðàôèþ è ãèäðîìåòåîðîëîãèþ, ñîçäàòü ñïàñàòåëüíûå ñëóæáû ïî ëèêâèäàöèè ðîçëèâîâ íåôòè. Ïðèíÿâ ôåäåðàëüíûé çàêîí «Î Ñåâåðíîì ìîðñêîì ïóòè» ñëåäóåò óòî÷íèòü ñòàòóñ è ãðàíèöû ÑÌÏ, âîññîçäàòü àäìèíè- ñòðàöèþ Ñåâìîðïóòè, ðåøèòü ïðîáëåìû òàðèôíîãî ðåãóëè- ðîâàíèÿ.  Gulf of Ob is ice-free only three-four months a year, complexes with underwater well completion, closed caissons with manifolds embedded below the level of the bottom ploughed with ground hummock, ice-resistant support platforms of gravitation or ship type will have to be used there. Paramount attention to ecology State regulation in the sphere of environmental protection and provision of ecological safety plays a great role under the conditions of wide-scale exploration of the Arctic.The eco- system here is unique and very vulnerable. The man-induced impact on the natural environment increases every year. The development of hydrocarbon resources and transportation by sea also increases the danger. Even today over 10 million tons of oil and petrochemical products are shipped via the Arctic seas and in the following years the volumes are sure to grow several times. Unfortunately, a system of ecological monitoring in the Arctic zone of the RF and ecological statutory acts are still non- existent. Drafting and passing a law on oil and gas production and their transportation is high on the agenda now. Complex development of the Northern Sea Route is essential The conference devoted to the development of ports and revival of the Northern Sea Route attracted a great numbar of Russian and foreign specialists.The revival of the Northern Sea Route and creation of modern infrastructure will facilitate the integration into the world transport system. 11 applications for transit convoying of tankers and dry cargo vessels along the Northern Sea Route have already been submitted for the year 2011. On the whole experts estimate the potential of the NSR by the year 2020 at 45 million tons. But ice-breakers only are unable to provideits operation of the NSR as an international transit route. It’s necessary to reconstruct the ports of Murmansk, Archangelsk, Naryan-Mar, Salekhard, Dudinka, Pevek, to raise the level of hydrogeography and hydrometeorology, to set up rescue service for oil spills removal. When the federal law “On the Northern Sea route” is adopted, it will be important to specify the status and boundaries of the NSR, to re-establish the administration of the NSR, to solve the problem of tariff regulation.  32 äåêàáðü 2010 ¹ 4 (13) ÌóðìàíøåëüôÈíôî