МурманшельфИнфо. 2010, N 4 (13).

Îãîð÷àåò òî, ÷òî ñóäîñòðîèòåëüíûå çàâîäû Ðîññèè ðàñ- òåðÿëè çà ãîäû ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ ðåôîðì è êîíâåðñèè êàäðû, ÷àñòè÷íî óòðàòèëè ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûé ïîòåíöèàë, êîòîðûé ïî òåõíè÷åñêîé îñíàù¸ííîñòè êàòàñòðîôè÷åñêè îòñòàåò îò çàïàäíûõ ñòðàí. Êàê ðåçóëüòàò, â íàøåé ñòðàíå ôàêòè÷åñêè îòñóòñòâóþò ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ, ñïîñîáíûå ñîîðóæàòü ìîðñêèå áóðîâûå ïëàòôîðìû, äðóãóþ âûñîêîòåõíîëîãè÷íóþ ïðîäóê- öèþ. Ê ïðèìåðó, ñåâåðîäâèíñêîå ñóäîðåìîíòíîå ïðåäïðè- ÿòèå «Çâ¸çäî÷êà» âîò óæå ïî÷òè 15 ëåò ñòðîèò è ëèøü â 2011 ãîäó ïëàíèðóåò ñäàòü çàêàç÷èêàì ÑÏÁÓ «Àðêòè÷åñêàÿ», êîòî- ðàÿ áóäåò ðàáîòàòü íà øåëüôå ßìàëà, à äâå ïîëóïîãðóæíûå áóðîâûå ïëàòôîðìû, îñíîâàíèå êîòîðûõ ñòðîèë «Âûáîðãñêèé ñóäîñòðîèòåëüíûé çàâîä» äëÿ Øòîêìàíîâñêîãî ïðîåêòà, ïðè- ä¸òñÿ îñíàùàòü âåðõíèìè ñòðîåíèÿìè, êîòîðûå ñîîðóäèò þæíîêîðåéñêàÿ êîìïàíèÿ Samsung Heavy Industries. Ðàçãî- âîðû î íàíîòåõíîëîãèÿõ ñèòóàöèþ â òÿæ¸ëîì ìàøèíîñòðîå- íèè íå èçìåíÿò. Íåîáõîäèìî îáðàòèòü âíèìàíèå íà ðåøåíèå ïåðâîñòåïåííûõ çàäà÷ âîçðîæäåíèÿ ïðîìûøëåííîãî ïðîèç- âîäñòâà, èíà÷å óãëåâîäîðîäíîå ñûðü¸ äîáûâàòü íà íàøåì øåëüôå ïðèä¸òñÿ èëè èíîñòðàíöàì, èëè îáîðóäîâàíèåì, ïðîèçâåä¸ííûì çà ðóáåæîì. Âåäü ê 2030 ãîäó íå øåëüôå Ðîñ- ñèè ïðåäñòîèò äîáûâàòü áîëåå 100 ìëí. òîíí íåôòè è ïîðÿäêà 200 ìëðä. êóá. ì ãàçà. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòîãî, ïîòðåáíîñòü â òàíêå- ðàõ ëåäîâîãî êëàññà ìîæåò ñîñòàâèòü îêîëî 60 åäèíèö, ñóäàõ äëÿ ïåðåâîçêè ÑÏà - 27 åäèíèö, íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ ñóäàõ - 39 åäèíèö, ïëàâó÷èõ áóðîâûõ óñòàíîâêàõ - 34 åäèíè- öû, ïëàòôîðìàõ - áîëåå 50, à ñóäàõ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ê íèì - îêîëî 100. Òîëüêî äëÿ Øòîêìàíîâñêîãî ïðîåêòà ïîòðåáóåòñÿ ñòðîè- òåëüñòâî 3 áóðîâûõ, 5-7 äîáû÷íûõ ïëàòôîðì, ñóäîâ - ãàçîâî- çîâ è 3 ïëàâó÷èõ òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïëàòôîðì. À àðêòè÷åñêèé øåëüô èìååò îãðîìíîå çíà÷åíèå äëÿ Ðîññèè è ìèðîâîãî ñîîáùåñòâà. Àðêòèêà õðàíèò òðåòü ìèðîâûõ çà- ïàñîâ ïðèðîäíîãî ãàçà - 1500 òðëí ì 3 . Ïðè íûíåøíèõ òåìïàõ ðàñõîäîâàíèÿ íåôòè è ãàçà 130 ìëðä òîíí óñëîâíîãî òîïëèâà óãëåâîäîðîäîâ àðêòè÷åñêîãî øåëüôà õâàòèò Ðîññèè íà 1000 ëåò (ÑØÀ - íà 150 ëåò, âñåìó ìèðó - íà 25 ëåò). Îòå÷åñòâåííûì ïðåäïðèÿòèÿì íóæíî íàó÷èòüñÿ ðàáîòàòü ñ âûñîêèì êà÷åñòâîì, âûïîëíÿÿ çàêàçû â ñðîê è ïî êîíêóðåíò- íûì öåíàì, à ïðîäóêöèÿ äîëæíà ñîîòâåòñòâîâàòü ëó÷øèì ìèðîâûì àíàëîãàì. Èìåííî òàêèå òðåáîâàíèÿ è ïðåäúÿâëÿåò «Ãàçïðîì» ê ñâîèì ïîñòàâùèêàì. Ðàäóåò, ÷òî îòå÷åñòâåííûå ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ íàìåðåíû áîðîòü- ñÿ çà çàêàçû ïî ñîîðóæåíèþ îáîðóäîâàíèÿ äëÿ øåëüôîâûõ ïðîåêòîâ. Êàê ïèøåò ãàçåòà «Êîììåðñàíòú»: «Íåñìîòðÿ íà âñå ïðîáëåìû ïåðâîãî êîíòðàêòà, â «Ñåâìàøå» çàÿâëÿþò, ÷òî íà- ìåðåíû ñîçäàòü êîìïàíèþ «ÑåâìàøØåëüô», êîòîðàÿ áóäåò ó÷àñòâîâàòü â íîâûõ òåíäåðàõ «Ãàçïðîìà» è äðóãèõ ðàçðàáîò- ÷èêîâ øåëüôà. Òåïåðü ðàáîòû íà «Ïðèðàçëîìíîé» âûøëè íà ôèíèøíóþ ïðÿìóþ, çàâåðøåíèåì êîòîðûõ ñòàíåò ïîñòàíîâêà ïëàòôîð- ìû â òî÷êå áóðåíèÿ. Íà÷í¸òñÿ íîâàÿ ýðà â îñâîåíèè ìåñòî- ðîæäåíèé óãëåâîäîðîäíîãî ñûðüÿ àðêòè÷åñêîãî øåëüôà. К работе на шельфе «Приразломная» готовится в Мурманске Ìîðñêóþ ëåäîñòîéêóþ ñòàöèîíàðíóþ ïëàòôîðìó ãðàâèòà- öèîííîãî òèïà «Ïðèðàçëîìíàÿ», èëè, êàê ïðåäëîæèë å¸ íàçû- âàòü íà÷àëüíèê óïðàâëåíèÿ òåõíèêè è òåõíîëîãèè ðàçðàáîòêè ìîðñêèõ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé «Ãàçïðîìà» Âëàäèìèð Âîâê «ïðîìû- ñåë, ðàçìåù¸ííûé íà ïëàòôîðìå», 18 íîÿáðÿ â 13.30. øåñòü áóêñèðîâ íà÷àëè áóêñèðîâàòü èç Ñåâåðîäâèíñêà â Êîëüñêèé çàëèâ ê 19 ïðè÷àëó «35 ÑÐÇ», êóäà îíà è áûëà äîñòàâëåíà â 7 ÷àñîâ óòðà 27 íîÿáðÿ. Áóêñèðîâêà ïðîõîäèëà â ñëîæíûõ øòîð- ìîâûõ óñëîâèÿõ, êîãäà ïîðûâû âåòðà äîñòèãàëè 27 ìåòðîâ â ñåêóíäó, íî, òåì íå ìåíåå, òðàíñïîðòèðîâêà ãðîìàäíîé áóðî- âîé ïëàòôîðìû, àíàëîãîâ êîòîðîé â Ðîññèè åù¸ íå áûëî, çà- âåðøèëàñü óñïåøíî.  Ìóðìàíñêå 1200 ñïåöèàëèñòîâ â òå÷åíèå çèìû è âåñíû áóäóò ïðîâîäèòü íà «Ïðèðàçëîìíîé» äîñòðîå÷íûå ðàáîòû, ïðîêëàäêó êàáåëüíîãî õîçÿéñòâà, áëàãîóñòðîéñòâî æèëîãî ìîäóëÿ, êîðïóñíûå, ýëåêòðîòåõíè÷åñêèå, òðóáîïðîâîäíûå è ïóñêîíàëàäî÷íûå ðàáîòû. Ïîíÿòíî, ÷òî âñ¸ ýòî ìîæíî áûëî âûïîëíèòü è â Ñåâåðîä- âèíñêå, íî òó îïåðàöèþ, êîòîðóþ ïðåäñòîèò íà÷àòü íà «Ïðè- ðàçëîìíîé» â àïðåëå 2011 ãîäà ìàëûå ãëóáèíû àêâàòîðèè «Ñåâìàø» ïîçâîëèòü íå ìîãëè.  îòñåêè êåññîíà ïðåäñòîèò was shifted from 2004 to 2011. Nevertheless, Sevmash executed the order of Gazprom, having built unique ice-resistant production platform, which cause admiration and proud. The size of this platform impresses: length is 139, width is 144 meters, height is 141 meters, mass is 118 thousand tons (excepting ballast, its mass is 130 thousand tons). The size of the caisson (platform foundation) is 126x126 meters. Standing near such a giant, you realize not only the complexity of creation process of such a perfect production complex, but also understand the importance of this event for Russia: our ship builders, although with time delay, built according to Garzporm order, long-awaited unit, with the help of which company Gazprom neft shelf will start development of the arctic shelf resources. It is a pity, that ship yards of Russia have lost for the years of economic reforms and conversion its specialists, have partially lost productionpotential, which fallsbehind thewesterncountries according to techniques. As a result our country practically does not have the enterprises, able to build offshore drilling platforms, other high-tech production. For example, let us take ship repair enterprise Zvezdochka in Severodvinsk, for almost 15 years it has been building SEFDR Arcticheskaya and is going to deliver it to the customers only by 2011, this SEFDR will operate on Jamal shelf, and two semi-submersible drilling platforms, the foundations of which were constructed by Vyborg ship building plant for Shtockman project, will have to be enlarged by upper constructions, which will be build by Samsung Heavy Industries. Disputes about nanotechnologies will not change the situation in heavy engineering industry. It is necessary to pay attention to working with top-priority objectives, connected with revival of industrial production, otherwise resources of the arctic shelf of Russia will be developed either by the foreigners or, using the equipment, produced abroad. By 2030 it is planned to produce more than 100 million tons of oil and about 200 billion cubic meters of gas. On this basis, the demand in ice class tankers can reach 60 items, in LNG transporting vessels - 27 items, scientific and research vessels - 39 items, floating drilling units - 34 units, platforms - more than 50 items, and their supply vessels - about 100 items. Just for Shtockman project there will be the need for 3 drilling sites, 5-7 production platforms, gas carrier vessels and 3 floating processing platforms. And the Arctic shelf is extremely important for Russia and the world. Arctic preserves one third of the world natural gas resources - 1500 trillion cubic meters. At modern tempo of consuming oil and gas, 130 billion tons of reference fuel of hydrocarbons on the arctic shelf will be enough for Russia for 1000 years (for the USA for 150 years, the whole world - for 25 years). National enterprises should learn how to work with high quality, executing orders in time and having competitive prices, and the production should comply with the world analogs. Particularly these are the demands of Gazprom to its suppliers. It is good, that national enterprises are ready to struggle for orders on constructing equipment for offshore projects. According to newspaper Kommersant, Despite all the problems, connected with the first contract, representatives of Sevmash say that they are going to found company SevmashShelf, which will participate in new tenders, organized by Gazprom and other shelf actors. Now the works on Prirazlomnaya are in the final stage, and they will be completed together with installation of the platform in the drilling site. And then starts new era in development of hydrocarbon reserves of the arctic shelf. Prirazlomnaya is being prepared for offshore operating in Murmansk Offshore ice-resistant fixed platform of gravity type Prirazlomnaya, or, as the head of the Department of technique and technologies in developing offshore fields of Gazprom Vladimir Vovk offered to call it - production field, located on the platform, on the 18 th of November at 13.30 started its tugging from Severodvinsk to the Kola Bay to the berth 19 of Ship Repair Plant 35, and it came to the place of the location on the 27 th of November at 7 a.m. Tugging was held under complicated 18 äåêàáðü 2010 ¹ 4 (13) ÌóðìàíøåëüôÈíôî