МурманшельфИнфо. 2010, N 4 (13).

ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþùóþ î ñåðü¸çíûõ íàìåðåíèÿõ êðóïíåéøèõ íåôòåãàçîäîáûâàþùèõ êîìïàíèé íà÷àòü ðàçðàáîòêó øåëüôà àðêòè÷åñêèõ ìîðåé. «Ðîñíåôòü», çàïëàòèâ çà «Õàòòîí» 67 ìèëëèîíîâ äîëëàðîâ íîðâåæñêîé êîìïàíèè «Êýððìàããè», ïðèîáðåëà å¸ äëÿ ÇÀÎ «Ñåâìîðíåôòåãàç», ÷òîáû ñðåçàâ âåðõíåå ñòðîåíèå áóðîâîé ïëàòôîðìû, óñòàíîâèòü åãî íà ëåäîñòîéêîå îñíîâàíèå, ïî- ëó÷èâ, òàêèì îáðàçîì, ìîðñêóþ ëåäîñòîéêóþ ñòàöèîíàðíóþ ïëàòôîðìó äëÿ ðàáîòû íà Ïðèðàçëîìíîì ìåñòîðîæäåíèè. Ïîêà øëè ÷åòûð¸õìåñÿ÷íûå ïåðåãîâîðû ïî ïîêóïêå áóðî- âîé ïëàòôîðìû, ïîêà å¸ áóêñèðîâàëè â Êîëüñêèé çàëèâ, íà «Ñåâìàø» íå òîëüêî ðàçðàáîòàëè ïðîåêò áóäóùåé óíèêàëü- íîé ëåäîñòîéêîé ïëàòôîðìû, íî è íà÷àëè ñáîðêó ìåòàëëî- êîíñòðóêöèé äëÿ å¸ áóäóùåãî îñíîâàíèÿ, òàê íàçûâàåìûé êåññîí. Ïî ïðîåêòó ïëàòôîðìà äîëæíà áûëà èìåòü òàêèå ðàç- ìåðû: 126õ126 ìåòðîâ â íèæíåé ÷àñòè è 96õ96 ìåòðîâ â âåðõ- íåé. Ïî çàÿâëåíèÿì ðóêîâîäñòâà «Ãàçïðîìà» è «Ðîñíåôòè» óæå â 2004 ãîäó áóðîâóþ ïëàòôîðìó äîëæíû áûëè äîñòàâèòü íà Ïðèðàçëîìíîå ìåñòîðîæäåíèå, ãäå èç íåäð Ïå÷îðñêîãî ìîðÿ ïðåäïîëàãàëîñü äîáûâàòü åæåãîäíî 7 ìèëëèîíîâ ì 3 íåôòè. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, ðåàëèçîâàòü ïëàíû â íàìå÷åííûå ñðîêè íå óäàëîñü. Çäåñü ñïëåëèñü â åäèíîå öåëîå öåëûé êëóáîê ïðè- ÷èí, ïîâëèÿâøèõ íà ñðîêè ââîäà ìåñòîðîæäåíèÿ â ñòðîé. Ñïåöèàëèñòû «Ðîñíåôòè» ïðèîáðåòàÿ áóðîâóþ ïëàòôîðìó «Õàòòîí» íå ó÷ëè, ÷òî îíà áûëà ñïðîåêòèðîâàíû äëÿ ðàáî- òû â óñëîâèÿõ, ðàçèòåëüíî îòëè÷àþùèõñÿ îò àðêòè÷åñêèõ. È õîòÿ ñïåöèàëèñòû êîìïàíèè «Êåëîê Áðàóí ýíä Ðóä» ïðîåê- òèðîâàâøèå ýòó ïëàòôîðìó ïîñëå ïðîâåä¸ííîé ýêñïåðòèçû ïîäòâåðäèëà õîðîøåå êà÷åñòâî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ, ïîíÿòíî, ÷òî ïðåäñòîÿëà åãî çàìåíà, ÷òî âûçâàíî ýêñòðåìàëüíûìè ïî- ãîäíûìè óñëîâèÿìè, â êîòîðûõ ïðåäñòîÿëî ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòü îñíîâíûå óçëû è ìåõàíèçìû. Åñëè äëÿ ðàáîòû â Ñåâåðíîì ìîðå ðàñ÷¸òû äåëàëèñü íà òåìïåðàòóðó -20 ãðàäóñîâ, òî â Áàðåíöåâîì îíà ìîæåò îïóñêàòüñÿ äî - 50 ãðàäóñîâ.  ðåçóëüòàòå òàêîé ïîêóïêè âåðõíåå ñòðîåíèå ïðèøëîñü ïðîåêòèðîâàòü è ñòðîèòü ïðàêòè÷åñêè çàíîâî, ÷òî ñêàçàëîñü íà ñðîêàõ ñäà÷è áóðîâîé ïëàòôîðìû çàêàç÷èêó.  2003 ãîäó â Êîëüñêîì çàëèâå áûëà âûïîëíåíà óíèêàëüíàÿ îïåðàöèÿ ïî îòñòûêîâêå âåðõíåãî ñòðîåíèÿ áóðîâîé ïëàò- ôîðìû «Õàòòîí» âåñîì 19 òûñÿ÷ òîíí îò øåñòè îïîð, è òðàíñ- ïîðòèðîâêà åãî â Ñåâåðîäâèíñê.  ïðîöåññå ðàáîò ïðèøëîñü ïåðåðàáàòûâàòü ïðîåêòû ÌËÑÏ, äåìîíòèðîâàòü êàáåëüíîå õîçÿéñòâî, òðóáîïðîâîäû è îáîðóäîâàíèå âåðõíåãî ñòðîåíèÿ «Õàòòîí» ñ ó÷¸òîì íîâûõ òåõíè÷åñêèõ ðåøåíèé, ñîçäàâàòü çà- íîâî íîâûå ìîäóëè.  2005 ãîäó áûëè ñîñòûêîâàíû 4 ñóïåðáëîêà è ñôîðìèðî- âàí êåññîí. Îñåíüþ 2006 ãîäà âûïîëíåíà íàêàòêà âåðõíåãî ñòðîåíèÿ íà êåññîí. Îñíîâíûå ðàáîòû ïî ìîíòàæó îáîðóäî- âàíèÿ è ñèñòåì ïëàòôîðìû, áóðîâîé âûøêè, êðàíîâ, âåðòî- ë¸òíîé ïëîùàäêè, óñòàíîâêà ìåõàíèçìîâ è àïïàðàòóðû âû- ïîëíåíû â 2009-2010 ãîäàõ. Âûñòóïàÿ íà II Àðêòè÷åñêîì Ìóðìàíñêîì Ìåæäóíàðîäíîì Ýêîíîìè÷åñêîì Ôîðóìå Ãåíåðàëüíûé äèðåêòîð ÎÎÎ «Ãàç- ïðîì äîáû÷à øåëüô» (ÃÄØ) è ÎÎÎ «Ãàçïðîì íåôòü øåëüô» (ÃÍØ) Àëåêñàíäð ßêîâëåâè÷ Ìàíäåëü ñêàçàë, ÷òî òîëüêî çà äâà ïîñëåäíèõ ãîäà ôàêòè÷åñêè ñâîèìè ñèëàìè áûëî ïîñòðî- åíî âåðõíåå ñòðîåíèå ýòîé ïëàòôîðìû, âêëþ÷àþùåå äåâÿòü îñíîâíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ è îêîëî ñîòíè ðàçëè÷íûõ ñèñòåì. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, çàòðàòû íà ñîçäàíèå áóðîâîé ïëàòôîðìû «Ïðèðàçëîìíàÿ» ñîñòàâèëè â êîíå÷íîì èòîãå âìåñòî 750 ìèë- ëèîíîâ äîëëàðîâ áîëåå 3 ìèëëèàðäîâ äîëëàðîâ, à ñðîêè íà- ÷àëà äîáû÷è íåôòè áûëè ñäâèíóòû ñ 2004 ãîäà äî 2011 ãîäà. Íî, êàê áû òàì íè áûëî, «Ñåâìàø» âûïîëíèëî çàêàç «Ãàç- ïðîìà» ïîñòðîèâ óíèêàëüíóþ ëåäîñòîéêóþ äîáû÷íóþ ïëàò- ôîðìó, êîòîðàÿ âûçûâàåò ÷óâñòâî âîñõèùåíèÿ è ãîðäîñòè. Âïå÷àòëÿþò ðàçìåðû ýòîé ïëàòôîðìû: äëèíà 139, øèðèíà 144 ìåòðà, âûñîòà 141 ìåòð, ìàññà 118 òûñÿ÷ òîíí (áåç áàëëà- ñòà, ìàññà êîòîðîãî ñîñòàâèò 130 òûñÿ÷ òîíí). Ðàçìåðû êåñ- ñîíà (îñíîâàíèÿ ïëàòôîðìû) ñîñòàâëÿþò 126 íà 126 ìåòðîâ. Íàõîäÿñü ðÿäîì ñ ýòèì ãèãàíòîì, ïðîíèêàåøüñÿ ïîíèìàíèåì íå òîëüêî ñëîæíîñòè ñîçäàíèÿ òàêîãî ñîâåðøåííîãî äîáû÷- íîãî êîìïëåêñà, íî è îñîçíà¸øü âàæíîñòü ýòîãî ñîáûòèÿ äëÿ Ðîññèè: íàøè ñóäîñòðîèòåëè, ïóñòü è ñ çàäåðæêîé ïî âðå- ìåíè, íî ñîçäàëè ïî çàêàçó «Ãàçïðîìà» äîëãîæäàííóþ óñòà- íîâêó, ñ ïîìîùüþ êîòîðîé êîìïàíèÿ ÎÎÎ «Ãàçïðîì íåôòü øåëüô» íà÷í¸ò îñâîåíèå áîãàòñòâ àðêòè÷åñêîãî øåëüôà. On the 13 th of July 2002 was signed the contract on building of offshore ice-resistant fixed platform and Gazprom started large-scale financing of the project. The same year in Norway was bought drilling platform Hatton, the upper part of which was planned to be used during construction works MISP platform Prirazlomnaya. On the 29 th of October 2002 in the Kola Bay, not far from the settlement Rosljakovo anchored huge drilling platform Hatton of TLP type, built in the city of Aberdeen in Scotland, with the height exceeding 160 meters and tonnage of 75 thousand tons. The operation on transportation of this drilling platform from Vadso fjord, located near Stavanger, by Swedish, Norwegian and British tugs took 21 days. The operation was planned and implemented by English company Global Maritime. Appearance of drilling platform Hatton was perceived by the dwellers of the Kola Peninsula as the long-waited “portent”, witnessing serious intentions of large oil and gas producing companies to start development of the arctic offshore fields. Rosneft, having paid for Hatton 67 million dollars to the Norwegian company Carmaggy, procured it for CJSC Sevmorneftegaz, so that it was possible to remove the upper part of the drilling platform, put it to the ice-resistant foundation, having received by that means, Offshore ice-resistant fixed platform for works on Prirazlomnoe field. During four months while negotiations concerning procurement of drilling platform were in progress, while it was tugged to the Kola Bay, on Sevmash was not only designed project of future unique ice-resistant platform, but also was started mantling of metal constructions for its future foundation, the so called caisson. According to the draft plan the platform should have had the following size: 126õ126 meters in the lower part and 96õ96 meters in the upper part. According to the leadership of Gazprom and Rosneft the drilling platform should have been brought to Prirazlomnoe field already in 2004, where from the Pechora Sea was planned to produce 7 million ì 3 of oil annually. Unfortunately the plans were not implemented by the settled time schedule. The whole range of reasons, why it happened combined together here, they influenced the terms of bringing the field into operation. Specialists of Rosneft, buying drilling platform Hatton did not take into consideration, that it had been designed for functioning in conditions, different from the arctic ones. And although the specialists of the company Kellog Brown and rut, designing this platform after conducted expertise confirmed high quality of the equipment, it is clear, that this equipment should be replaced, it would be caused by extreme weather conditions, under which the main knots and mechanisms should be exploited. And if for functioning in the North Sea, calculations were made, taking into consideration the temperature of -20 degrees, then in the Barents Sea it can drop to – 50 degrees. In the result of such procurement, the upper part had to be designed and built almost anew, and it influenced the date of platform’s delivery to the customer. In 2003 in the Kola Bay was implemented a unique operation on “unberthing” of the upper construction of the drilling platform Hatton, weighing 19 thousand tons, from six footings, and its transportation to Severodvinsk. During the works, the projects MISP platform had to be reconsidered, dismantle integrated cable system, pipelines and equipment of the upper part of Hatton taking into consideration new technical solutions, to create new modules. In 2005 were mated 5 superblocks and formed caisson. In autumn 2006 was implemented knurling of the upper part to the caisson. Main works on mantling equipment and systems of the platform, drilling ring, cranes, helicopter pad, installation of mechanisms and facilities were carried out in 2009-2010. At the II Arctic Murmansk International Economic Forum Director General of LLC, Gazprom dobycha shelf (GDS) and LLC, Gazprom neft shelf (GNS) Alexander Mandel said, that only for the last two years, practically by their own means was constructed the upper part of this platform, including nine main complexes and about one hundred of different systems. Unfortunately, expenditures for creating drilling platform Prirazlomnaya eventually comprised instead of 750 million dollars more than 3 billion dollars, and the start of oil production December 2010 ¹ 4 (13) MurmanshelfInfo 17