МурманшельфИнфо. 2010, N 4 (13).

Технические решения Òåõíè÷åñêèå òðóäíîñòè îñâîåíèÿ è ýêñïëóàòàöèè ìîðñêèõ îáúåêòîâ Øòîêìàíîâñêîãî ìåñòîðîæäåíèÿ:  Âûñîêàÿ ïðîåêòíàÿ ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîñòü;  Òÿæ¸ëûå àðêòè÷åñêèå óñëîâèÿ (íèçêèå òåìïåðàòóðû, îá- ðàçîâàíèå íàëåäè, ñíåã, òóìàí, äîëãàÿ ïîëÿðíàÿ íî÷ü) ïðè îñâîåíèè è ýêñïëóàòàöèè ìîðñêèõ îáúåêòîâ, íåîáõîäèìîñòü ó÷¸òà ïîãîäíûõ îãðàíè÷åíèé, ýêñïëóàòàöèÿ òåõíîëîãè÷åñêî- ãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ â ýêñòðåìàëüíûõ çèìíèõ óñëîâèÿõ, òðóä- íîñòè ìàòåðèàëüíî-òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáåñïå÷åíèÿ è ñëîæíîñòè â îðãàíèçàöèè ýêñòðåííîé ýâàêóàöèè è ïðîâåäåíèè ñïàñà- òåëüíûõ ðàáîò;  ×óâñòâèòåëüíàÿ ýêîñèñòåìà, êîòîðóþ íåîáõîäèìî ñîõðà- íèòü. Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì êîíöåïòóàëüíûõ ðàáîò è èíæåíåðíîãî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ (FEED) è íà îñíîâàíèè äàííûõ èçûñêàíèé è îöåíêè ðèñêîâ áûëà ðàçðàáîòàíà îáùàÿ ñõåìà ðàçðà- áîòêè ìîðñêèõ îáúåêòîâ. Ýòà ñõåìà ïðåäóñìàòðèâàåò ñîç- äàíèå ïîäâîäíîãî äîáû÷íîãî êîìïëåêñà (ÏÄÊ), êîòîðûé ñ ïîìîùüþ ñèñòåìû øëàíãîêàáåëåé, âíóòðèïðîìûñëîâûõ òðóáîïðîâîäîâ è ðàéçåðîâ (UFR) ÷åðåç ðàçúåäèíÿþùóþñÿ òóðåëü ñîåäèíÿåòñÿ ñ ëåäîñòîéêèì òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèì äî- áûâàþùèì ñóäíîì (FPU). Íà òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîì ñóäíå áóäóò ðàñïîëàãàòüñÿ îáîðóäîâàíèå ïîäãîòîâêè, êîìïðåññîðû, æèëûå ïîìåùåíèÿ, ýëåêòðîñòàíöèÿ è ïðî÷åå îáîðóäîâà- íèå, íåîáõîäèìîå äëÿ äîáû÷è ãàçà. Ãàç ñ òåõíîëîãè÷åñêî- ãî ñóäíà íà áåðåãîâîé çàâîä ïî ïðîèçâîäñòâó ñæèæåííîãî ãàçà áóäåò ïîäàâàòüñÿ ïî äâóõíèòî÷íîìó òðóáîïðîâîäó äè- àìåòðîì 36 äþéìîâ è äëèíîé 550 êèëîìåòðîâ. Ïëàíèðóåò- ñÿ óñòàíîâèòü 6 ïîäâîäíûõ òåìïëåòîâ ñ ÷åòûðüìÿ ñëîòàìè. Øëàíãîêàáåëè, 16-äþéìîâûå, âíóòðèïðîìûñëîâûå òðóáî- ïðîâîäû è ðàéçåðû äèàìåòðîì 14 äþéìîâ áóäóò îáúåäè- íÿòü ïîäâîäíîå äîáû÷íîå îáîðóäîâàíèå è òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîå ñóäíî. Ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ äî 30 ïîäâîäíûõ ñîåäèíåíèé. Òåõ- íîëîãè÷åñêîå ñóäíî, êîòîðîå ïëàíèðóåòñÿ ïîñòðîèòü äëÿ ðåàëèçàöèè ïåðâîé ôàçû Øòîêìàíîâñêîãî ïðîåêòà, ñòàíåò îäíèì èç êðóïíåéøèõ â ìèðå. Комплексная база обеспечения Êîìïëåêñíàÿ áàçà áóäåò ïðîåêòèðîâàòüñÿ ñ ðàñ÷¸òîì îáå- ñïå÷åíèÿ âîçìîæíîñòè å¸ äàëüíåéøåãî ðàçâèòèÿ äëÿ íóæä ôàç 2 è 3 ïðîåêòà îñâîåíèÿ ØÃÊÌ, íà îñíîâå êîíöåïöèè êîìïëåêñíîé áàçû, îáúåêòû êîòîðîé áóäóò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ è áóäóùèìè ïîäðÿä÷èêàìè ØÄÀÃ. Ïðåèìóùåñòâà ïîäîáíî- ãî ïîäõîäà ñîñòîÿò â òîì, ÷òî óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü äåÿòåëüíîñòè, òàê êàê âñå ó÷àñòâóþùèå ñòîðîíû áóäóò ðàáî- òàòü íà îäíîé òåððèòîðèè, ïîäðÿä÷èêè ñìîãóò íåçàìåäëè- òåëüíî ðåàãèðîâàòü íà çàïðîñû ØÄÀÃ. Ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ ñòî- èìîñòè è âðåìåííûõ çàòðàò ýòî ýôôåêòèâíîå ðåøåíèå, òàê êàê ïîçâîëÿåò ñâåñòè ê ìèíèìóìó ïðîáëåìû, ñâÿçàííûå ñ ëîãèñòè÷åñêèì îáåñïå÷åíèåì. Организация морских перевозок и операций Íà ýòàïå ñòðîèòåëüñòâà è ýêñïëóàòàöèè áóäóò èñïîëüçî- âàòüñÿ ñëåäóþùèå òèïû ñóäîâ:  Ñóäà ñíàáæåíèÿ,  Áóêñèðíûå ñóäà äëÿ óñòàíîâêè ÿêîðåé (áóêñèðîâêà ÏÁÓ, èçìåíåíèå òðàåêòîðèè äðåéôà ëüäèí è àéñáåðãîâ),  Ìíîãîöåëåâîå ñóäíî (ïðîâåäåíèå îïåðàöèé ñ èñïîëü- çîâàíèåì äèñòàíöèîííî óïðàâëÿåìîãî ïîäâîäíîãî àïïàðàòà ROV, íàáëþäåíèå çà ëåäîâîé îáñòàíîâêîé, îïåðàöèè ïî ÒÎ, ðàçâåäêà, èçìåíåíèå òðàåêòîðèè äðåéôà ëüäèí è ïð.),  Àâàðèéíî-ñïàñàòåëüíîå ñóäíî (îáåñïå÷åíèå áåçîïàñíî- ñòè ðàáîò, ïîæàðîòóøåíèå, ñïàñàòåëüíîå ñóäíî),  Ñóäà äëÿ êîíòðîëÿ ëåäîâîé îáñòàíîâêè (ëåäîêîë-ðàçâåä- ÷èê, îñíîâíîé ëåäîêîë, äåæóðíîå ñóäíî (ýòó ôóíêöèþ áóäåò âûïîëíÿòü ìíîãîöåëåâîå ñóäíî). Êîíñòðóêöèÿ âñåõ ñóäîâ Øòîêìàíîâñêîãî ïðîåêòà äîëæ- íà îáåñïå÷èâàòü âûñîêóþ ìàíåâðåííîñòü è ñïîñîáíîñòü óäåðæàíèÿ â çàäàííîé òî÷êå (ñèñòåìà äèíàìè÷åñêîãî ïî- çèöèîíèðîâàíèÿ äîëæíà áûòü êëàññà DP-2, êàê ìèíèìóì), âîçìîæíîñòü ýêñïëóàòàöèè â æ¸ñòêèõ óñëîâèÿõ (àðêòè÷åñêîå èñïîëíåíèå, êëàññèôèêàöèÿ ïî ïðîòèâîîáëåäåíèòåëüíîé çàùèòå, ëåäîâûé êëàññ - Arc 7, ïî ñòàíäàðòó «Áþðî Âåðèòàñ» - ýòî êëàññ îò ICE-10 äî ICE-15), âçàèìîçàìåíÿåìîñòü - êàæ- Technical solutions There are some technical difficulties of development and operation of offshore facilities of the Shtokman field:  High project performance;  Severe arctic conditions (low temperatures, the formation of ice, snow, fog, long polar night) during the development and operation of offshore facilities, the need to consider weather restrictions, maintenance of technological equipment in extreme winter conditions, the difficulties of logistics and difficulty in organizing emergency evacuation and rescue operations;  The sensitive ecosystem, which must be preserved. According to the results of conceptual work and engineering design(FEED)andbasedondatafromsurveysandriskassessment there has been developed a general scheme for development of offshore facilities. This scheme envisages the creation of an underwater mining complex (MAC), which with the help of umbilical, intra-field pipelines and risers (UFR) by decoupled turret is connected to the ice-resistant technology mining vessel (FPU). On the technological vessel there will be located equipment for preparation, compressors, accommodation units, power and other equipment needed for gas production. Gas from the technological vessel will be supplied to the shore LNG-factory by twin pipeline with a diameter of 36 inches and a length of 550 kilometers. It is planned to install six underwater templates with four slots. Umbilicals, 16-inch, infield pipelines and risers with a diameter of 14 inches will combine subsea production equipment and technological vessel. It is planned to have up to 30 subsea connections. Technological vessel, that will be built to implement the first phase of the Shtokman project will be one of the largest in the world. Ïðîåêòû è ïåðñïåêòèâû Projects and perspectives Complex supply base Complex Supply Base will be designed with the consideration of the possibility for future development for the needs of phases 2 and 3 of Shtokman gas condensate field development project, based on the concept of a complex base, the objects of which will be used by the future SDAG subcontractors. The advantages of this approach are that it increases efficiency, since all parties will work in one area, the subcontractors will be able to respond immediately to SDAG requests. From the point of view of cost and time-consuming it is an effective solution because it allows to minimize the problems associated with logistics. Organization of maritime transport and operations During construction and operation the following types of vessels will be used:  Supply vessels,  Tug vessels to install the anchors (towing PBU, changing the trajectory of the drift ice and icebergs),  Multi-purpose vessel (to carry out operations using remotely operated underwater vehicle ROV, to monitor ice conditions, the 8 äåêàáðü 2010 ¹ 4 (13) ÌóðìàíøåëüôÈíôî