МурманшельфИнфо. 2009, N 2 (7)

îáîðóäîâàíèÿ è ñèñòåì äëÿ óïðàâëåíèÿ êîìïëåêñîì êàê ìîðñêèì, òàê è íàçåìíûì. Çàâîä ÑÏà ÿâëÿåòñÿ î÷åíü ñëîæ- íûì òåõíè÷åñêèì ñîîðóæåíèåì, è ëþäè äîëæíû áûòü ãîòî- âû ê ðàáîòå ñ ïîäîáíûìè òåõíîëîãèÿìè. Ýòî æå îòíîñèòñÿ è ê ìîðñêèì êîìïëåêñàì. - Ýòî çàäà÷à íà äîëãîñðî÷íóþ ïåðñïåêòèâó è õîðîøî, ÷òî ó íàñ åñòü íåêîòîðûé çàïàñ âðåìåíè äî íàñòóïëåíèÿ ôàçû ýêñïëóàòàöèè îáúåêòîâ. - Âðåìåíè íå òàê ìíîãî. Êîãäà Øòîêìàíîâñêèé ïðîåêò áóäåò çàïóùåí, âàì ïîíàäîáèòñÿ íåñêîëüêî ëåò, ÷òîáû ïîä- ãîòîâèòü ëþäåé. Íà îáó÷åíèå èíæåíåðà óéäóò äîëãèå ìå- ñÿöû. Ìíîãî ëþäåé áóäåò âîâëå÷åíî â ñòðîèòåëüñòâî îáú- åêòîâ çäåñü â ðåãèîíå. Êîíå÷íî íå âñå áóäåò äåëàòüñÿ â Ìóðìàíñêå è îáëàñòè, íî íàâåðíÿêà ìîæíî ñêàçàòü, ÷òî Øòîêìàíîâñêèé ïðîåêò äàñò òîë÷îê ðàçâèòèþ ìíîãèõ ñîïóò- ñòâóþùèõ ïðîåêòîâ â ðåãèîíå. - ×òî îáåñïå÷èâàåò êîíêóðåíòîñïîñîáíîñòü ôðàíöóç- ñêîé íåôòåãàçîâîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè íà ìèðîâîì ðûíêå, ó÷èòûâàÿ, ÷òî âî Ôðàíöèè íåò ðàçðàáàòûâàåìûõ ìåñòî- ðîæäåíèé íåôòè è ãàçà? - Îñíîâíàÿ ïðè÷èíà, îáúÿñíÿþùàÿ íàøó êîíêóðåíòîñïî- ñîáíîñòü, êàê ðàç è êðîåòñÿ â òîì ôàêòå, ÷òî âî Ôðàíöèè íåò ñîáñòâåííûõ çíà÷èòåëüíûõ çàïàñîâ íåôòè è ãàçà. Ôðàí- öóçñêèå êîìïàíèè äîëæíû áûòü â âûñøåé ñòåïåíè ýôôåê- òèâíûìè è èííîâàöèîííûìè, ÷òîáû áûòü âûáðàííûìè â êà- ÷åñòâå îïåðàòîðà, ïîäðÿä÷èêà èëè ïîñòàâùèêà. Êðîìå òîãî â ïîñëóæíîì ñïèñêå ôðàíöóçñêèõ êîìïàíèé çíà÷èòñÿ áîëü- øîå êîëè÷åñòâî ïðîåêòîâ, âûïîëíåííûõ â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ïðåäïîëàãàåìûì ãðàôèêîì è â ðàìêàõ çàïëàíèðîâàííîãî áþäæåòà, ÷òî íå âñåãäà òèïè÷íî äëÿ ýòîé ñôåðû ïðîìûø- ëåííîñòè. Åñëè ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàòü ñàìûå âàæíûå íîâîââå- äåíèÿ â ìèðîâîì íåôòåãàçîâîì áèçíåñå, òî ñðåäè íèõ ìîæ- íî íàéòè ìíîæåñòâî ïðèìåðîâ, êîãäà èõ èíèöèàòîðîì áûëè ôðàíöóçñêèå ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ-ïîñòàâùèêè íåôòåãàçîâîãî îáî- ðóäîâàíèÿ è ñåðâèñíûå êîìïàíèè. - Êàêèì îáðàçîì âûñòðîåíà ñèñòåìà ïîäãîòîâêè ñïå- öèàëèñòîâ äëÿ íåôòåãàçîâîé îòðàñëè âî Ôðàíöèè? - Âî Ôðàíöèè ó íàñ åñòü Èíñòèòóò íåôòè è ãàçà (IFP). IFP õîðîøî èçâåñòåí â ìèðå êàê èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé èíñòèòóò, íî ýòî åùå è ó÷åáíîå çàâåäåíèå. Âûñøàÿ øêîëà IFP, åäèí- ñòâåííûé âî Ôðàíöèè íåôòåãàçîâûé âóç, çàíèìàåòñÿ îáó- ÷åíèåì ñòóäåíòîâ-âûïóñêíèêîâ òåõíè÷åñêèõ è èíæåíåðíûõ âóçîâ.  âûñøåé øêîëå IFP ñòóäåíòû ïðîâîäÿò îäèí ãîä, ïîëó÷àÿ ñïåöèàëèçàöèþ â íåôòåãàçîâîì äåëå. Áîëåå ïî- ëîâèíû ñòóäåíòîâ ïðèåçæàåò ó÷èòüñÿ èç-çà ãðàíèöû, åñòü ñòóäåíòû èç Ðîññèè. Ïîñëå ïîëó÷åíèÿ äèïëîìîâ èõ áûñòðî ðàçáèðàþò íåôòÿíûå è ñåðâèñíûå êîìïàíèè. Äîïîëíèòåëüíî ÿ õîòåë áû óïîìÿíóòü åùå îäíî îòäå- ëåíèå èíñòèòóòà, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííîå äëÿ ïåðåïîäãîòîâêè è ïîâûøåíèÿ êâàëèôèêàöèè ñïåöèàëèñòîâ. Åñëè âû õîòèòå ïðîéòè êóðñ ïîäãîòîâêè ïî íîâîé ñïåöèàëüíîñòè, äàæå åñëè âàì 30 - 40 ëåò è áîëüøå, âû ìîæåòå ïîäàòü äîáðî- âîëüíóþ çàÿâêó íà îáó÷åíèå. - Îðãàíèçóþò ëè êîìïàíèè êàêèå-ëèáî âíóòðåííèå òðå- íèíãè äëÿ ñâîèõ ñîòðóäíèêîâ? - Êîìïàíèè î÷åíü ðåäêî ñàìè ïðîâîäÿò êàêèå-ëèáî âíó- òðåííèå êóðñû, íî îíè îðãàíèçóþò âíóòðåííèå ñåìèíàðû. Âî âðåìÿ ýòèõ ñåìèíàðîâ, êîòîðûå ïðîäîëæàþòñÿ êàê ïðà- âèëî îäíó íåäåëþ, ìû àíàëèçèðóåì, ÷òî ñäåëàíî ñ ìîìåíòà ïðåäûäóùåãî ñåìèíàðà. Åñëè áûëè äîïóùåíû êàêèå-ëèáî îøèáêè, ìû ïûòàåìñÿ îïðåäåëèòü, êàê ìîæíî èçáåæàòü èõ â áóäóùåì. Íà ýòè ñåìèíàðû ÷àñòî ïðèãëàøàþòñÿ ïðåä- ñòàâèòåëè ïîñòàâùèêîâ è ïàðòíåðîâ. Êðîìå òîãî åæåãîä- íî â Ïàðèæå ïðîõîäèò äâóõäíåâíûé ñåìèíàð “Hydrocarbon Days” (Äíè óãëåâîäîðîäîâ), îðãàíèçîâàííûé ôðàíöóçñêîé àññîöèàöèåé èíæåíåðîâ-íåôòÿíèêîâ (AFTP) è ôðàíöóçñêîé áèçíåñ-àññîöèàöèåé íåôòåãàçîâûõ êîìïàíèé GEP. Íà ñå- ìèíàðå ìû ïðåäñòàâëÿåì íàøè îñíîâíûå äîñòèæåíèÿ, ïðî- áëåìû, èííîâàöèè, îïðåäåëÿåì ïåðñïåêòèâíûå íàïðàâëå- íèÿ èññëåäîâàíèé, â îñóùåñòâëåíèå êîòîðûõ ìû ñòàðàåìñÿ âîâëå÷ü ÷ëåíîâ àññîöèàöèè.  ýòîì ãîäó ñåìèíàð ñîñòî- èòñÿ 28 è 29 îêòÿáðÿ. Áîëüøèíñòâî äîêëàäîâ äåëàåòñÿ íà ôðàíöóçñêîì ÿçûêå, íî ïðåäóñìîòðåí ïåðåâîä íà àíãëèé- êèé. Ýòîò ñåìèíàð ôîðìàëüíî íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ îáó÷àþùèì, íî îí ïîìîãàåò ðàñøèðèòü ïðåäñòàâëåíèå îá èííîâàöèÿõ â íàøåé ñòðàíå. - You can generally consider that it takes a few years to train people, depending on the level of the recruits and the quality of their training. A lot of new projects will probably be developed here in Murmansk and in the surrounding area due to Shtokman. And it will attract a lot of people. - Why is the French oil and gas industry so competitive on the world market, given that it has no oil and gas reserves under development? - The main reason behind our competitiveness is precisely the fact that we do not have any significant oil or gas reserves in France. French companies have to be efficient and innovative if they want to be selected as operators, contractors or suppliers. If you look at the most significant innovations in the oil and gas industry, you will often find a French company involved. Furthermore, the 38 èþíü 2009 ¹ 2 (7) ÌóðìàíøåëüôÈíôî French industry has a good track record for developments achieved in accordance with schedule forecasts and budgets – something that is not common in this industry. - Could you briefly describe the oil and gas training system in France? - In France, we have IFP (French Petroleum Institute). IFP is well-known as a research institute, but it’s also a school. IFP School, the only French oil and gas school, trains students with master degrees in mechanics or engineering. The students spend one year at IFP School to specialize in oil and gas. More than half of the students come from abroad; some of them from Russia. On graduation, they are quickly snatched up by oil or service companies. I also wish to mention another branch of IFP, IFP Training, which is in charge of continuing training. If you want to study a new specialty, even if you are 30 or 40 years old, or more, you can submit a voluntary application. - Is there any in-house training arranged by companies for their employees? - Companies very seldom give in-house courses but they do organize in-house seminars. During these seminars, which are usually just a week long, we analyze what has been achieved since the last seminar. If mistakes were made, we try to understand how we can prevent them from repeating. Several suppliers and partners are also invited to participate. In addition, there’s an annual two-day seminar in Paris, “Hydrocarbon Days”, organized by the French Association of Oil Industry Engineers and Technicians (AFTP) and the French Trade Association for the Oil and Gas industry (GEP). We present our main achievements, problems and innovations, and we discuss the kinds of research we should encourage our members to conduct. This year it will be held on October 28th and 29th. Most of the presentations are in French but translation in English is available. The seminar is not formally for training, but it helps to broaden the reach of our innovations.