МурманшельфИнфо. 2009, N 2 (7)

Îïûò ñîñåäåé Neighbours experience  Íîðâåãèè ðåàëèçóåòñÿ íåñêîëüêî òåõíè÷åñêèõ ïðîãðàìì, êîòîðûå ïîääåðæèâàþòñÿ è ôèíàíñèðóþò- ñÿ ïðàâèòåëüñòâîì ñòðàíû. Ñðåäè íèõ - PETROMAKS (ïðàâèòåëüñòâåííîå ôèíàíñèðîâàíèå ïðîåêòîâ ÍÈÎÊÐ äëÿ íåôòÿíîãî ñåêòîðà), GASSMAKS (ïðàâè- òåëüñòâåííîå ôèíàíñèðîâàíèå ïðîåêòîâ ÍÈÎÊÐ äëÿ ãàçîâîãî ñåêòîðà), DEMO2000 (ïðîãðàììà ñîäåéñòâèÿ ðàçâèòèþ íîâûõ òåõíîëîãèé è âíåäðåíèþ íàó÷íî- òåõíè÷åñêèõ ðàçðàáîòîê â ïðàêòèêó), RENERGI (ôèíàí- ñèðóåò ïðîåêòû ýêîëîãè÷åñêè ÷èñòîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ ðåñóðñîâ ñòðàíû, îáåñïå÷åíèÿ êîíêó- ðåíòîñïîñîáíîñòè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîãî ñåêòîðà), CLIMIT (ïðîãðàììà äëÿ ðàçðàáîòêè ïðîåêòà ýêîëîãè÷åñêè ÷è- ñòîãî ïðèðîäíîãî ãàçà). Îäíà èç ðàçðàáîòîê â ðàìêàõ ïðîãðàììû DEMO2000 – ïðîåêò WS Seabed Rig – èñ- ïûòàíèÿ ïðîòîòèïà ïîëíîñòüþ àâòîìàòèçèðîâàííîé ïîäâîäíîé áóðîâîé óñòàíîâêè.  2008 ãîäó Íàó÷íî- èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîìó ñîâåòó áûëà âûäåëåíà ñóììà â 5691 ìèëëèîí êðîí (28 ìëðä 455 ìëí ðóáëåé) äëÿ ïîä- äåðæêè èííîâàöèîííûõ ðàçðàáîòîê.  2001 ãîäó â Íîðâåãèè áûëà ïðèíÿòà íàöèîíàëüíàÿ ñòðàòåãèÿ «Íåôòü è ãàç â 21 âåêå», êîòîðàÿ îïðåäå- ëèëà âîñåìü öåëåâûõ íàïðàâëåíèé äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ èññëåäîâàíèé. Îíè âêëþ÷àþò â ñåáÿ ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå òåõíîëîãèè áóäóùåãî, êîìïëåêñíîå èçó÷åíèå çàëåæåé è ðàçâåäêó ìåñòîðîæäåíèé, ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèå íåô- òåèçâëå÷åíèÿ, ýêîíîìè÷åñêè ýôôåêòèâíîå áóðåíèå, èíòåãðèðîâàííîå ïðîèçâîäñòâî è ðàçðàáîòêó ïëàñòà â ðåàëüíîì âðåìåíè, ïîäâîäíóþ îáðàáîòêó è òðàíñ- ïîðòèðîâêó, ãëóáîêîâîäíóþ è ïîäâîäíóþ òåõíîëîãèè äîáû÷è, ãàçîâûå òåõíîëîãèè. Ñòîèò ëè óäèâëÿòüñÿ óñïåõàì Íîðâåãèè â ñîçäàíèè ñîâðåìåííåéøèõ îá- ðàçöîâ äîáû÷íîé òåõíèêè â îáåñïå÷åíèè êîíêóðåíòî- ñïîñîáíîñòè íåôòåãàçîâîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè ñòðàíû ïðè òàêîì ïîäõîäå. Ìèðîâîé ôèíàíñîâûé êðèçèñ íå ìîã íå îêàçàòü âëèÿ- íèÿ è íà Íîðâåãèþ, èíòåãðèðîâàííóþ â ìèðîâóþ ýêî- íîìè÷åñêóþ ñèñòåìó. Õîòÿ âëèÿíèå ýòîãî êðèçèñà áûëî ñìÿã÷åíî òåì, ÷òî Íîðâåãèÿ äî ñèõ ïîð íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ÷ëåíîì ÅÑ. Íîðâåæñêîå ïðàâèòåëüñòâî ýôôåêòèâíî èñ- ïîëüçîâàëî ñðåäñòâà Ïåíñèîííîãî ôîíäà äëÿ îêàçàíèÿ ïîìîùè ïðîìûøëåííîñòè.  ÿíâàðå 2009 ãîäà 30 ìëðä êðîí áûëî íàïðàâëåíî ãîðîäàì äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ ïðîáëåì ÆÊÕ, ðåìîíòà äîìîâ, ñòðîèòåëüñòâà äîðîã. Ïðåäïðèíÿ- òûå ìåðû ïîçâîëèëè óäåðæàòü áåçðàáîòèöó íà óðîâíå 3 %. ×òî êàñàåòñÿ íåôòåãàçîâîãî ñåêòîðà - ôóíäàìåíòà ýêîíîìèêè Íîðâåãèè, òî äëÿ åãî ïîääåðæàíèÿ áûëè âû- äåëåíû áåñïðîöåíòíûå êðåäèòû. Ïðèçíàííîé íåôòåãàçîâîé ñòîëèöåé Íîðâåãèè ÿâ- ëÿåòñÿ ãîðîä Ñòàâàíãåð. Ýòîò íîðâåæñêèé ãîðîä ñòàë è ìåæäóíàðîäíûì âûñòàâî÷íûì öåíòðîì äîñòèæåíèé â ðàçâèòèè ðàçâåäî÷íîé, äîáû÷íîé è ïåðåðàáàòû- âàþùåé òåõíèêè, èñïîëüçóåìîé â íåôòåãàçîâîé îò- ðàñëè. Ñ 1974 ãîäà çäåñü ïðîâîäÿòñÿ âûñòàâêè ÎNS (Offshore Northern Seas – Íåôòåãàçîðàçðàáîòêà â ñåâåðíûõ ìîðÿõ), îðãàíèçàòîðàìè êîòîðûõ ÿâëÿþòñÿ Íåôòåãàçîâûé ñîþç Íîðâåãèè, êîìïàíèÿ «Ñòàòîéë- Ãèäðî», «Ñòàâàíãåð ôîðóì» è êîììóíà Ñòàâàíãåð. Åñëè â 1974 ãîäó â âûñòàâêå ïðèíÿëî ó÷àñòèå 300 ôèðì è 7000 ÷åëîâåê, òî â 2008 – 1217 ôèðì èç 28 ñòðàí, â òîì ÷èñëå 19 êîìïàíèé èç Ðîññèè. Ïðè çà- òðàòàõ íà ïðîâåäåíèå âûñòàâêè è ÷åòûðåõäíåâíîé êîíôåðåíöèè â 85 ìèëëèîíîâ êðîí, ãîðîä è îðãàíè- çàòîðû ïîëó÷èëè 800 ìèëëèîíîâ êðîí. 10 ëåò íàçàä ïîñòðîåí â ãîðîäå è Ìóçåé íåôòè, â êîòîðîì ïðåäñòàâëåíà èñòîðèÿ îñâîåíèÿ øåëüôà, äî- áû÷è íåôòè è ãàçà. «СТАТОЙЛГИДРО» В РОССИИ Áîëåå ïîëóòîðà äåñÿòèëåòèé êîìïàíèÿ «Ñòàòîéë» ïðîâîäèëà öåëåíàïðàâëåííóþ ïîëèòèêó íà îáåñïå÷å- íèå ñâîåãî ó÷àñòèÿ â ðàçðàáîòêå Øòîêìàíîâñêîãî ãà- çîêîíäåíñàòíîãî ìåñòîðîæäåíèÿ.  îêòÿáðå 2007 ãîäà ïðîèçîøëî ñëèÿíèå äâóõ êîìïàíèé - «Ñòàòîéë ÀÑÀ» è «Ãèäðî». Îáúåäèí¸ííàÿ êîìïàíèÿ «ÑòàòîéëÃèäðî» ÿâëÿ- åòñÿ ïîëíîïðàâíûì ÷ëåíîì «Øòîêìàí Äåâåëîïìåíò Àû. È çäåñü â ïîëíîé ìåðå ïðèãîäèòñÿ îïûò «ÑòàòîéëÃèä- Ñàìûé ñîâðåìåííûé áóð âîçëå Ìóçåÿ íåôòè è ãàçà â Ñòàâàíãåðå. development, especially within the supply and service industry), GASSMAKS (programme aiming to increase value in the natural gas supply chain by strengthening expertise, industrial development and international competitiveness), DEMO2000 (project related to technology development in the petroleum sector, financing projects that accelerate the uptake of new technology by bridging the gap between research and development and implementation in the petroleum sector), RENERGI (the future clean energy system programme that finances projects which develop knowledge and solutions as the basis for environment-friendly and efficient management of the country's energy resources with security of supply and internationally competitive economic development related to the sector), CLIMIT (the programme for the development of environmentally friendly natural gas, supporting sustainable natural gas power technologies and solutions for capture and storage of CO 2 ). One of the researches implemented under the DEMO2000 programme is WS Seabed Rig project implying prototype test of a submerged fully automated drilling rig. In 2008 The Norwegian Research Council was allocated a budget of 5691 million NOK for support of innovative projects. In 2001 Oil and Gas in the 21st century (OG21), a national technology strategy for value creation on the NCS and enhanced competitiveness in the oil and gas industry, was adopted in Norway defining eight technology target areas. They include environmental technologies for the future, exploration technology and reservoir characterization, enhanced recovery, cost effective drilling and intervention, integrated operations and real time reservoir management, subsea processing and transportation, deep water and subsea production technology, gas technologies. This approach explains Norway’s great achievements in development of up-to-date samples of production equipment and in provision of high competitiveness of the national oil and gas industry. Inevitably the world financial crisis influenced Norway integrated into the global economic system. The influence of the crisis however was mitigated due to the fact that Norway is not member of EU. Norwegian Government efficiently used means of the Pension Fund to help the industries. In January 2009 30 billion NOK were allotted to cities' bugdets for development of public and housing utilities, repair of houses, building of roads. The measures taken by the Government allowed for keeping the unemployment rate at 3 %. June 2009 ¹ 2 (7) MurmanshelfInfo 31