МурманшельфИнфо. 2009, N 1 (6).

äåðæàíèÿ íàøèõ ñòàíäàðòîâ ïî òåõíèêå áåçîïàñíîñòè ìû äåéñòâóåì â ðàìêàõ ïðîãðàììû “Ñîâåðøåíñòâîâà- íèå áåçîïàñíîñòè”, èñïîëüçóÿ ìåòîäèêó óïðåæäàþùèõ äåéñòâèé ñî ñòîðîíû ðóêîâîäñòâà ïðè ó÷àñòèè ñîòðóä- íèêîâ, îäíîâðåìåííî âîçëàãàÿ íà êàæäîãî ðàáîòíèêà ïåðñîíàëüíóþ îòâåòñòâåííîñòü çà ñîáñòâåííóþ áåç- îïàñíîñòü. Ìû ÷åòêî ðàçúÿñíÿåì íàøèì ðàáîòíèêàì, ÷òî ñàìîå ãëàâíîå - ýòî èõ áåçîïàñíîñòü! Íåîáõîäèìî îáåñïå÷èòü, ïðèáûòèå êàæäîãî ñîòðóäíèêà íà ðàáîòó è âîçâðàùåíèå äîìîé â áåçîïàñíîñòè. Ïðàâèëüíîå âû- ïîëíåíèå ðàáîòû ïðåäïîëàãàåò ñâîåâðåìåííîå ðàñïî- çíàâàíèå óãðîç è ïðèíÿòèå ìåð ïî èõ ëèêâèäàöèè èëè óìåíüøåíèþ ðèñêîâ. Íåëüçÿ ïðåíåáðåãàòü íè åäèíûì ïóíêòîì ïðàâèë áåçîïàñíîñòè. Àâàðèè âîçíèêàþò, åñëè ðàáîòíèêè èãíîðèðóþò êàêèå-ëèáî ïóíêòû ñîáëþäåíèÿ òåõíèêè áåçîïàñíîñòè è íå îñîçíàþò, ÷òî èçìåíèëèñü ðàáî÷èå óñëîâèÿ.  ñëó÷àÿõ, êîãäà ðèñê íåèçâåñòåí èëè íåïðèåìëåì, ìû ïðèìåíÿåì ìåòîäèêó «Ïîëíîìî÷èé ïî ïðåêðàùåíèþ ðàáîòû». Êàæäûé ñîòðóäíèê èìååò ïîëíîìî÷èÿ ïðåêðàòèòü ðàáîòó, åñëè îí ÷óâñòâóåò, ÷òî åå ïðîäîëæåíèå áóäåò íåáåçîïàñíûì. Ê ñîòðóäíèêàì, îñòàíîâèâøèì ðàáîòó â íåáåçîïàñíûõ óñëîâèÿõ, êàêèå- ëèáî íàêàçàíèÿ èëè äðóãèå ìåðû âîçäåéñòâèÿ, íå ïðè- ìåíÿþòñÿ. Предупреждение опасностей Äëÿ âûÿâëåíèÿ ñâÿçàííûõ ñ ðàáîòîé îïàñíîñòåé è ðàç- ðàáîòêè ìåòîäîëîãèè ïðåäîòâðàùåíèÿ íåñ÷àñòíûõ ñëó- ÷àåâ ìû èñïîëüçóåì ìåòîäèêó «Àíàëèçà áåçîïàñíîñòè ðàáîò (JSA)». Ìåòîäèêà JSA ïðåäïîëàãàåò ñîâìåñòíîå ó÷àñòèå êàæäîãî ñîòðóäíèêà, ðóêîâîäèòåëÿ ñìåíû è ìå- íåäæåðà â ðåøåíèè âîïðîñîâ ïî ðàñïîçíàâàíèþ è óñòðà- íåíèþ îïàñíîñòåé ïåðåä íà÷àëîì âûïîëíåíèÿ ðàáîòû. «Àíàëèç áåçîïàñíîñòè ðàáîò» ñîñòîèò èç 8 ýòàïîâ. Îáåñïå÷èòü ñîáëþäåíèå ôîðìàòà JSA äëÿ âûáðàííûõ 1. äåéñòâèé ïî çàäà÷àì/ýòàïàì è èõ äîêóìåíòèðîâàíèå. Âûÿâèòü èñòî÷íèêè îïàñíîñòè äëÿ îõðàíû çäîðîâüÿ 2. è òðóäà è/èëè ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå àñïåêòû. Âûÿâèòü ìåòîäû óïðàâëåíèÿ ðèñêàìè. 3. Îöåíèòü ðèñêè è îïðåäåëèòü èõ êàòåãîðèþ. 4. Îïðåäåëèòü äîïóñòèìîñòü ðèñêà. 5. Ïîäãîòîâèòü êîíòðîëüíûå ìåðû ïî óëó÷øåíèþ 6. óïðàâëåíèÿ ðèñêàìè ïî ìåðå íåîáõîäèìîñòè. Ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàòü ìåðû êîíòðîëÿ – óòî÷íèòü, äî- 7. ñòóïíû ëè òåïåðü ðèñêè äëÿ êîíòðîëÿ. Óäîñòîâåðèòüñÿ â òîì, ÷òî ìåòîäèêè àíàëèçà áåçî- 8. ïàñíîñòè ðàáîò (JSA) è êîíòðîëÿ ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñîâðåìåííû- ìè è âñòóïèëè â ñèëó. Êîìïàíèÿ Baker Hughes òàêæå ðàçðàáîòàëà ïðîãðàì- ìó íàáëþäåíèÿ çà ÎÇÒÎÑ äëÿ ñîñòàâëåíèÿ îò÷åòîâ ïî íåñòàíäàðòíûì äåéñòâèÿì, óñëîâèÿì è ìåòîäàì îðãà- íèçàöèè ðàáîò. Ýòà ïðîãðàììà òàêæå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ ïîîùðåíèÿ ðàáîòíèêîâ çà âêëàä â îáåñïå÷åíèå âûñî- êèõ ñòàíäàðòîâ áåçîïàñíîñòè êîìïàíèè. Процедура расследования происшествий и предоставление соответствующей отчетности Ïåðâàÿ ãëîáàëüíàÿ ñèñòåìà îò÷åòíîñòè ïî îïîâåùå- íèÿì (First Alert Global Reporting System) ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé âñåìèðíóþ áàçó äàííûõ íà îñíîâå ñåòè Èíòåðíåò, êîòîðàÿ èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ âûÿâëåíèÿ, ðåàãèðîâàíèÿ è àíàëèçà ïðîèñøåñòâèé. Ìû òðåáóåì îò ñâîèõ ñîòðóäíè- êîâ, ÷òîáû îíè ñîîáùàëè îáî âñåõ ïðîèñøåñòâèÿõ, âíå çàâèñèìîñòè îò òîãî, êàêèìè áû ìåëêèìè èëè íåçíà÷è- òåëüíûìè îíè íå ïîêàçàëèñü èõ ðóêîâîäèòåëþ ñìåíû èëè ïðåäñòàâèòåëþ êîìïàíèè. Çàòåì î ïðîèñøåñòâèè äîêëà- äûâàþò ïðåäñòàâèòåëþ ÎÇÒÎÑ, ÷òîáû ìîæíî áûëî ïðè- íÿòü ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå òåõíè÷åñêèå è àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûå ìåðû ïî óñòðàíåíèþ ïðîáëåìû. Íåèñïîëíåíèå îáÿçàí- íîñòåé ïî íåìåäëåííîìó äîêëàäó î ïðîèñøåñòâèè ìî- æåò ïðèâåñòè ê äèñöèïëèíàðíîìó âçûñêàíèþ, âïëîòü äî óâîëüíåíèÿ. Äëÿ ýôôåêòèâíîãî ðàññëåäîâàíèÿ íåñ÷àñò- íîãî ñëó÷àÿ ìû äîëæíû ñîáðàòü ôàêòû î ïðîèñøåäøåì, áåç êàêîãî-ëèáî âîçëîæåíèÿ âèíû íà ñîòðóäíèêà èëè åãî years ago, we implemented an HSE Management System which allowed us to implement a Proactive Process. This resulted in a significant reduction in accidents and injury rates. Today, we function under “A Culture of Safety” using Proactive Leadership and Employee Participation while holding each employee personally accountable for their safety to prevent injuries and sustain our safety performance. We are clear to our employee about what is important—their safety! Customer service means each employee arrives to work and home safely. Doing the job right means identifying the hazards and taking steps to eliminate or reduce them and by all means No Shortcuts. Accidents occur when employees take shortcuts and do not recognize things have changed. Where the risk is unknown or unacceptable, we use our “Stop Work Authority”. Each employee is empowered to stop activities when they feel continuing work would be unsafe. There is no retaliation to employees if he/she chooses not to work in unsafe conditions. Hazard Prevention We use the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) process to analyze work related hazards and develop accident prevention methodologies. The JSA involves each employee, supervisor and manager working together to identify and eliminate hazards prior to performing the job. The JSA consist of 8 Steps: Select a JOB to be analyzed Observe and Document Task/Step Activities on JSA 1. Format Identify Safety & Health Hazards and/or Environmental 2. Aspects Identify Risk Controls 3. Estimate/Assign Risk 4. Determine Acceptance of Risk 5. Prepare Risk Control Measures to improve risk controls 6. as necessary Review Control Measures – Confirm whether or not 7. risks are now accessible Ensure JSA and Controls are effective and up-to-date 8. Baker Hughes has also established an HSE Observation program to report substandard acts, conditions and practices. It is also used to recognize employees for contributing to the company’s exceptional safety performance. Incident Reporting and Investigation The First Alert Global Reporting System is a worldwide web based database which is used to identify, respond and analyze incidents. We require our employees to report ALL incidents, no matter how minor or insignificant it first appears to their supervisor or company representative. The HSE representative is then notified of the incident so that proper case handling and administration can be performed. Failure to report an incident immediately could result in disciplinary action up to and including termination. In order to conduct an effective accident investigation, we must gather the facts of what happened without fixing blame or fault to the employee. Typically, we reconstruct what happened in order to learn exactly what can be done to prevent reoccurrence. The investigation process includes: Interviewing the Employee. ● Ask for the employee’s ideas on what happened and ● how to prevent a reoccurrence. Recreate the accident scene ● Follow-up on recommendations made to prevent ● reoccurrence. Conduct a root cause analysis. ● Root Cause Analysis A root cause analysis is a method used to determine the underlying cause of an accident, hence the word “root”. The flow chart below describes our process in determining the root cause. ìàðò 2009 ¹ 1 (6) ÌóðìàíøåëüôÈíôî 41