МурманшельфИнфо. 2009, N 1 (6).

- Ñîþç ðûáàêîâ Íîðâåãèè íå ìîæåò äîïóñòèòü, ÷òîáû ðûáîëîâíîå ñóäíî âûòåñíÿëîñü èç ðàéîíîâ ïðîìûñëà. À íîðâåæñêèå ýêîëîãè ïðîâîäÿò êàìïàíèþ çà ââåäåíèå ìîðàòîðèÿ íà ãåîëîãîðàçâåäêó è äîáû÷ó íåôòè â àðêòè- ÷åñêîì ðåãèîíå äëÿ çàùèòû òðàäèöèîííûõ ïðîìûñëîâ ìåñòíûõ æèòåëåé è ïðèðîäíîé òåððèòîðèè. Êàê ýòî ïî- íèìàòü? - Ñîþç ðûáàêîâ Íîðâåãèè ìîæåò âûäâèãàòü ñâîè òðåáîâàíèÿ. À âîçìîæíî ëè ýòî ïî òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîìó ïðîöåññó â íåôòåãàçîäîáû÷å è òðàíñïîðòèðîâêå óãëå- âîäîðîäîâ - ýòî óæå äðóãîé âîïðîñ. Ïðèîðèòåò äîëæåí îòäàâàòüñÿ ãëàâíîìó: áèîëîãè- ÷åñêèå ìîðñêèå ðåñóðñû ÂÎÇÎÁÍÎÂËßÅÌÛÅ. ×åëîâå- ÷åñòâî ñîáèðàåòñÿ æèòü íà Çåìëå íå 100 - 200 ëåò, ïîêà åñòü íåôòü è ãàç! Íî çà ýòî âðåìÿ ìû ìîæåì ïîòåðÿòü íåêîòîðûå áèîëîãè÷åñêèå âèäû. Îäèí ïðèìåð: â Ñåâåð- íîé Àìåðèêå íà âîññòàíîâëåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè ëîñîñå- âûõ ïîñëå ðàçëèâà íåôòè ó Àëÿñêè ïîòðà÷åíû ìèëëèàð- äû äîëëàðîâ, è ïîêà âïóñòóþ. Íî ýêîëîãàì, îñîáåííî èç Ãðèíïèñà, Âñåìèðíîãî ôîíäà äèêîé ïðèðîäû, ãîâîðèòü î òîì, ÷òî ðàäè ðû- áîëîâñòâà íàäî çàêðûòü ðàçðàáîòêó Øòîêìàíîâñêîãî è äðóãèõ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé – ýòî àáñóðä. Ñ÷èòàþ, ÷òî ýòè îðãàíèçàöèè äîëæíû ìåíüøå øóìåòü, à áîëüøå ïîìîãàòü è íåôòÿíèêàì, è ðûáàêàì. Èõ ãëàâíàÿ çà- äà÷à - îðãàíèçàöèÿ ìîíèòîðèíãà, ïðåäóïðåæäåíèå ðóêîâîäñòâà íåôòåãàçîâîé è ðûáíîé îòðàñëåé îá ýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ ðèñêàõ òîãî èëè èíîãî ïðîåêòà. Ýòî íå òîëüêî èäåîëîãè÷åñêèé, íî è ïðàêòè÷åñêèé ìîìåíò. Èõ ðîëü - äàâàòü ðåêîìåíäàöèè, êàê ñäåëàòü, ÷òîáû íå áûëè íàðóøåíû åñòåñòâåííûå ïðîöåññû è íå áûë çàòðîíóò áèîöåíîç ýòîãî óíèêàëüíîãî ðàéîíà, ëèáî êàê ñâåñòè ê ìèíèìóìó íåãàòèâíûå âîçäåéñòâèÿ. Finally there are always risks in transportation of hydrocarbons by sea. The routes for gas and oil tankers must be laid away from traditional areas of fishery and fish migration. This is an essential requirement to avoid accidents, emergencies, which often occur when vessels of 80-100 tons’ displacement work side by side with small trawlers. And certainly it must be forbidden for transport vessels to discharge bilge water in fishery areas! It goes without saying that ecological monitoring should cover the whole area of oil and gas production and transportation. The scientist of the Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences have suggestions on the points where monitoring should be organized to get more information and to spend less money on it. But expenditure is inevitable. So oil and gas industry has to make contribution to it. - The Union of Fishermen of Norway can’t put up with fishing vessels being forced out of areas of fishery. And Norwegian ecologists are launching a campaign to introduce a moratorium on geological prospecting and oil production in the Arctic area to protect the traditional trades of the local population and natural environment. How can it be understood? - The Union of Fishermen in Norway has a full right to put forward their demands. But the question is if their demands are compatible with the technological processes of oil and gas production and transportation of hydrocarbons. The priority should be given to the most important thing: sea biological resources are renewable. The humanity is going to live on the Earth not for only 100-200 years while there is oil and gas! But within this period of time we can lose some biological species. Just one example - 20 billion dollars have been wasted so far in North America to restore the population of salmon. But it’s absurd of ecologists to say that the development of the Shtokman deposit and other deposits must be stopped. In my opinion such organizations should make less fuss and help more both oil industry workers and fishermen. Their main task is to organize monitoring, to warn the management of oil and gas industry and fish industry about environmental risks of this or that project. There is not only ideological, but also practical aspect in it. Their role is to give recommendations what should be done not to destroy natural processes, not to damage the biocoenosis of this unique region and how to minimize the negative impact. 26 ìàðò 2009 ¹ 1 (6) ÌóðìàíøåëüôÈíôî www.corel-r.by.ru