МурманшельфИнфо. 2009, N 1 (6).

- Âÿ÷åñëàâ Êîíñòàíòèíîâè÷, êàêîé îïûò ñîõðàíåíèÿ ïðèðîäíîé ñðåäû ïðè äîáû÷å íåôòè è ãàçà íà ìîðñêîì øåëüôå è â ïðèáðåæíûõ ðàéîíàõ óíàñëåäîâàëà Ðîññèÿ îò ÑÑÑÐ? -  ñâîå âðåìÿ ñîâåòñêîå ïðàâèòåëüñòâî èçäàëî öåëûé ðÿä ïîñòàíîâëåíèé, â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ êîòîðû- ìè íåôòÿíèêè äîëæíû áûëè ïðèíèìàòü áîëåå ñòðî- ãèå ìåðû ïî ïðåäîòâðàùåíèþ è ëèêâèäàöèè ðàçëèâîâ íåôòè. Îäíàêî íàäî ïðèçíàòü, íà Êàñïèè â ðàéîíå Áàêó ðàçëèâû áûëè áîëüøèìè. Öåëûé ðÿä áóõò ïðåêðàòèëè ñâîå ñóùåñòâîâàíèå êàê áèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ñðåäà. Ïðîãðåññèâíûå äëÿ òîãî âðåìåíè ñáåðåãàþùèå òåõíîëîãèè ìû òàê è íå ñóìåëè âíåäðèòü ïîëíîñòüþ. Èíà÷å íå ïðèøëîñü áû îäíàæäû ïðèáåãíóòü ê ñîâåð- øåííî íåîðäèíàðíîìó ìåòîäó ëèêâèäàöèè ïîñëåä- ñòâèé àâàðèè, ñëó÷èâøåéñÿ íà ñåâåðå ñòðàíû.  ðàéîíå óñòüÿ Ïå÷îðû - ãóáû Êíÿæîé Áåëîãî ìîðÿ - ïðîèçâîäèëîñü ðàçâåäî÷íîå áóðåíèå. Ñêâà- æèíó íå ñóìåëè çàêðûòü, è îêîëî ãîäà â ãóáó âû- õîäèë ãàçîâûé êîíäåíñàò. ß áûë òàì â ñîñòàâå ãî- ñêîìèññèè, ñîçäàííîé ÖÊ ÊÏÑÑ è ïðàâèòåëüñòâîì. Ìû óâèäåëè ïëà÷åâíóþ êàðòèíó: ïî÷òè âñå âèäû ðûá âûìåðëè. ×òîáû çàãëóøèòü ýòîò ãóáèòåëüíûé ïðî- öåññ, áóðîâèêàì-ðàçâåä÷èêàì ïðèøëîñü áóðèòü äî- ïîëíèòåëüíóþ ñêâàæèíó. Áîëåå òîãî, ïðèøëîñü ÷óòü ñäâèíóòü ïëàñòû ïîðîäû ñ ïîìîùüþ ìàëîãî àòîìíîãî âçðûâà. Îá ýòîì ìàëî êòî çíàåò, íî ñåé÷àñ óæå ìîæíî îá ýòîì ãîâîðèòü. Íåäîñòàòî÷íîå âíèìàíèå ê ïðèðîäîîõðàííûì ìå- ðàì «ïî íàñëåäñòâó» ïåðåäàëîñü è ïîñòñîâåòñêîé Ðîñ- ñèè. Íà øåëüôå Ñàõàëèíà â 90-å ãîäû íåôòÿíèêàìè òîæå áûë íàðóøåí öåëûé ðÿä ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ íîðì, è â íåêîòîðûõ ðàéîíàõ ìîðÿ áèîëîãè÷åñêèå âèäû ïîä- âåðãëèñü òåõíîãåííîé àòàêå. Ýòî ïðîèçîøëî ïîòîìó, ÷òî èíîñòðàííàÿ êîìïàíèÿ, ïîëó÷èâøàÿ ïðàâî íà ðàç- ðàáîòêó, îñòàëàñü âíå êîíòðîëÿ. Íî â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû ñàõàëèíñêèõ íåôòÿíèêîâ ïðèâåëè â ÷óâñòâî, ó íàñ â Ðîññèè åñòü äëÿ ýòîãî ñîîòâåòñòâóþùàÿ çàêîíîäàòåëü- íàÿ áàçà. - Íî òàêæå èçâåñòíî, ÷òî çàêîíû Ðîññèè íåäîñòàòî÷- íî çàùèùàþò ðûáàêîâ îò «íàøåñòâèÿ» íà èõ òðàäèöè- îííóþ «âîò÷èíó» íåôòÿíèêîâ è ãàçîâèêîâ. - Äà, â ñðàâíåíèè ñ ïåðåäîâîé â ýòîì îòíîøåíèè Íîðâåãèåé íàøà çàêîíîäàòåëüíàÿ áàçà ÿâíî ïðîèãðû- Считать себя ближе к опасности Considering yourself to be closer to danger Интервью председателя координационного совета работников рыбного хозяйства России, члена общественного совета при Росрыболовстве РФ Вячеслава ЗИЛАНОВА Interview with Vyacheslav ZILANOV, Chairman of the Coordination Council of Fishing Industry Workers of Russia, a member of the Public Council under the Federal Agency of Fishery, RF -Mr. Zilanov, what experience of environmental protection in producing offshore oil and gas has Russia inherited from the USSR? In its time the Soviet government issued a number of decrees requiring that oil industry workers take stricter measures to prevent and eliminate oil spills. However, it should be admitted that there were large spills on the Caspian Sea in the areas close to Baku. Biological environment in a number of bays was destroyed. We didn’t manage to implement advanced for that time saving technologies. Otherwise we wouldn’t have had to resort to an extraordinary method of liquidation of oil spill which occurred in the north of the country. Prospecting drilling was made in Knyazhaya Bay of the White Sea - the area of the Pechora river mouth. The well was not shut in properly and gas condensate leaked into the bay water for about a year. I was there as a member of state committee. We saw a sad sight: almost all fish species died out. To put an end to that disastrous process, drilling technicians had to drill an additional well. Moreover, they had to remove the bedrock layers by means of a minor atomic explosion. Very few people know about it, but now we can disclose it. Post-soviet Russia has “inherited” neglectful attitude to the nature conservation. In the 1990-s oil industry workers broke a number of nature conservation regulations on Sakhalin shelf and in some areas biological species were subjected to an anthropogenic attack. All this happened ìàðò 2009 ¹ 1 (6) ÌóðìàíøåëüôÈíôî 23