Physics of auroral phenomena : proceedings of the 40th annual seminar, Apatity, 13-17 March, 2017 / [ed. board: N. V. Semenova, A. G. Yahnin]. - Апатиты : Издательство Кольского научного центра РАН, 2017. - 143 с. : ил., табл.

A.A. Namgaladze et al. 06:00 UT, i.e. earlier this day, at daytime. Thirdly, they arc quite far from the epicenter. A comparison between the UAM calculations results with the seismic origin electric currents switched on (Fig. 1c) and off (Fig. lb) shows that these positive G1M-TEC disturbances are not associated with seismogenic currents. We suppose that these disturbances are related with the high geomagnetic activity. In this period the ring current heats the outer part of the Earth’s plasmasphere. It results in the increase the downward diffusion plasma flows from the plasmasphcre to the ionosphere. These fluxes create the positive GIM-TEC disturbances regions at the Northern hemisphere due to the larger O/N 2 ratio at the ionospheric F2-layer altitudes in winter in comparison with the summer hemisphere. Conclusions The study presents the numerical calculations results of the ionosphere effects created by the vertical electric currents of the seismic origin. Simulations using the 3D global first-principle Upper Atmosphere Model (UAM) are compared with the GIM-TEC data for the high geomagnetic activity period preceding the M6.7 earthquake in India on January з, 2016. The simulations have reproduced the general behavior of the ionosphere after the main phase of the geomagnetic storm on January 1, 2016 in the form of the negative TEC disturbances propagating from the high latitudes, especially strong in the Southern (summer condition) hemisphere. It was shown that the seismogenic currents’ effects (ionospheric precursors of earthquake) can be revealed on the background of the global geomagnetic disturbances. They are visible as the regions with the additional negative TEC disturbances formed on the Eastern side of the epicenter meridian and extending to the Western side, both in simulations and observations. It was found that the vertical electric field which is the sum of the electrostatic and dynamo origin plays a decisive role in the formation of the ionospheric precursors of earthquakes at the low latitudes. They are related with the upward electric field and corresponding westward component of the electromagnetic [£ x 2 J] drift. Acknowledgements. The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project No. 16-35-00397 mol a. Authors are thankful to the U.S. Geological Survey ( https://earthquake.usgs.gov/) for the earthquakes list data, the International GNSS Service for providing GPS TEC data (ftp://cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov ) and to the World Data Center for Geomagnetism at Kyoto University Japan for providing geomagnetic activity data ( http://swdcwww.kugi.kyto- и.ac.jp ). References Hardy, D.A., Gussenhoven, M.S, Holeman, E. (1985). A statistical model of auroral electron precipitation. Journal of Geophysical Research. 90(5), 4229-4248. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1029/JA090iA05p04229. Karpov, M.I., Namgaladze, A.A., Zolotov, O.V. (2013). Modeling of Total Electron Content Disturbances Caused by Electric Currents between the Earth and the Ionosphere. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 7, 594-598. http://dx.d 0 i. 0 rg/l 0.1134/S 1990793113050187. Namgaladze, A.A., Martynenko, O.V., Volkov, M.A., et al. (1998). High-latitude version of the global numerical model of the Earth's upper atmosphere. Proceedings of the MSTU. 1(2), 23-84. Namgaladze, A.A., Klimenko, M.V., Klimenko, V.V., et al. (2009). Physical Mechanism and Mathematical Modeling of Earthquake Ionospheric Precursors Registered in Total Electron Content. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 49 (2), 252-262. http://dx.doiorg/10.1134/S0016793209020169. Namgaladze, A.A., Forster, М., Prokhorov, B.E., et al. (2013). Electromagnetic Drivers in the Upper Atmosphere: Observations and Modeling. In: The Atmosphere and Ionosphere Elementary Processes Discharges and Plasmoids Physics of Earth and Space Environments!, Springer. 55p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2914-8_4. Namgaladze, A.A., Karpov, M.I. (2015). Conductivity and external electric currents in the global electric circuit. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 9(4), 754-757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S 1990793115050231. Sorokin, V.M., Hayakawa, M. (2013). Generation of seismic-related DC elcctric fields and lithosphere-atmospherc- ionosphere coupling. Modem Applied Science. 7(6), 1-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v7n6pl. Zhang, X., Shen, X., Zhao, S., et al. (2014). The characteristics of quasistatic electric field perturbations observed by DEMETER satellite before large earthquakes. Journal of Asian Earth Science. 79, 42-52. http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.08.026. I l l