Physics of auroral phenomena : proceedings of the 38th annual seminar, Apatity, 2-6 march, 2015 / [ed. board: A. G. Yahnin, N. V. Semenova]. - Апатиты : Издательство Кольского научного центра РАН, 2015. - 189 с. : ил., табл.

I. V. Mingalev et al. mountains are higher than 0,6 km. It is seen that, at the low latitudes of the northern and southern hemispheres, the motion of the air is primarily westward. At the middle latitudes of the northern and southern hemispheres, the motion of the air is primarily eastward. Maximal absolute values of the horizontal wind velocity take place over the Pacific Ocean. At the high latitudes of the northern and southern hemispheres, the motion of the air is primarily westward. In essence, the global wind system of the Earth’s lower and middle atmosphere, calculated with the help of the new version of the mathematical model, corresponds qualitatively to the global circulation, obtained from observations for January conditions. 00 4) T3 l\ <D•O 3 ce _) - 1 8 0 - 1 6 0 - 140 - 120-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 Longitude, deg 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Figure 1. The distribution of the vector of the calculated horizontal component of the air velocity (m/s) as a function of the longitude and latitude at the altitude of 0,6 km, computed 17 days and 4 hours after the beginning of calculations. The degree of shadowing of the figure indicates the module of the velocity in m/s. Conclusion The new version of the mathematical model of the Earth’s lower and middle atmosphere has been described which enables to calculate the global wind system and heat regime at levels of the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere, with the relief of a planet having been taken into account. In the new version of the mathematical model, a planetary surface can contain mountains and depressions. A planetary surface is approximated by using one of the existing digital maps of the surface relief of a planet. The system of governing equations contains the equations of continuity for air and for the total water content in all phase states, momentum equations for the zonal, meridional, and vertical components of the air velocity, and internal energy equation. The characteristic feature of the new version of the mathematical model is that it is non-hydrostatic. Moreover, the internal energy equation for the atmospheric gas is written by using a relaxation approach. The new version of the mathematical model produces three-dimensional time-dependent global distributions of the gas dynamic parameters of the lower and middle atmosphere in the layer surrounding the Earth globally and stretching from the ground up to the altitude of 75 km. It was demonstrated that the new version of the mathematical model can produce the global wind system of the Earth’s lower and middle atmosphere which is qualitatively similar to the global circulation, obtained from observations. Furthermore, the new version of the mathematical model can reproduce daily variations of the gas dynamic parameters, conditioned by the rotation of the Earth around its axis. Acknowledgements. This work was partly supported by the Presidium of the RAS through the Program No. 9 and by Grant No. 13-01-00063 from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. 186