Physics of auroral phenomena : proceedings of the 35th Annual seminar, Apatity, 28 Februaru – 02 March, 2012 / [ed. board: A. G. Yahnin, A. A. Mochalov]. - Апатиты : Издательство Кольского научного центра РАН, 2012. - 187 с. : ил., табл.

В. V. Kozelov et al. Figures 5 and 6 present two examples of triangulation of pulsing aurora forms. First event (Fig.5) is a bright pulsing filament in diffuse background. By dark boundary of the background region and boundary of the filament we estimate the altitude of the background as ~150 km, and ~ 100 km for the filament. These altitudes correspond to energies of precipitated particle ~ 1.5 keV for background and -20 keV for the filament (see Fig.7). For second example (Fig.6) the energies are: - 30 keV for filaments A and B, -10 keV for the filament C. These energies correspond well to theoretical estimations and typical values measured by low-latitude satellites in the morning sector. average energy, keV Fig. 7. Altitude of the maximum at the altitude profile of the 1NG 391.4 nm emission excited by precipitated electron flux as a function of average energy of the electrons: triangles - for monoenergetic flux, squares - for maxwellian energy distribution in the flux, solid lines - for isotropic angle distributions, dashed lines - for field-aligned beams. Conclusions New abilities of triangulation measurements of the aurora altitude were presented and tested by known sharp object in the sky. Two examples of triangulation of pulsing auroral forms were shown. Estimated energy of precipitated electrons correspond well to theoretical estimations and typical values measured by low-latitude satellites in the morning sector. Acknowledgements. The paper is supported by Program 22 of Presidium of RAS and grant RFBR 11- 02-00397. References Иванов B.E. Особенности пространственного расположения горизонтально-протяженных форм полярных сияний. - В кн.: Суббури и возмущения в магнитосфере. JL: Наука, 1975, с.116-123. Иванов В.Е., Г.В. Старков. Характерные особенности пространственной структуры однородных форм сияний при низкой магнитной активности. - В кн.: Структура магнитно­ ионосферных и авроральных возмущений. JL: Наука, 1977, с. 132-137. Brown N., Davis Т., Hallinan Т. and Stenbaek-Nielsen Н. altitude of pulsating aurora determined by a new instrumental technique. Geophys. Res. Lett., 3, 403- 404, 1976. Davidson, G. Т., Pitch-angle diffusion and the origin of temporal and spatial structures in pulsating aurorae, Space Sci. Rev., 53, 45-82, 1990. Helliwell, R. A., Whistlers and related ionocpheric phenomena, Standford Uniyersity ress, Palo Alto, Calif., 1965. Helliwell, R. A.; Doolittle, J. H.; Armstrong, W. C.; Carpenter, D. L.; Mende, S. B. Correlation between lambda 4278 optical emissions and VLF wave events observed at L approximately 4 in the Antarctic. J. Geophys. Res., 85, 3376- 3386,1980. Kozelov B.V., Pilgaev S.V., Borovkov L.P., and V.E. Yurov, Multi-scale auroral observations in Apatity: winter 2010-2011, Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 1, 1-6, 2012, www.geosci-instrum-method- data-syst.net/1/1/2012/doi: 10.5194/gi-1-1-2012. Omholt A., The optical aurora. Springer-Verlag, 1971. Stenbaek-Nielsen H.C., T.J.Hallinan, and T.N.Davis, Stereo-TV Observations of Pulsating aurora, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 30, 343-344, 1978. Stormer, C. Photographies des aurores boreales et nouvelle methode pour mesurer leur altitude. Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences, 150, 1631-1634, 1910. Stormer, C. Resultats des mesures photogrammetriques de l’altitude de l’aurore boreale a Bosekop aux mois de fevrier et de mars 1910. Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences, 152, 1194-1196, 1911. Tagirov, V. R., V. Y. Trakhtengerts, and S.A. Chemouss, The origin of pulsating auroral patches, Geomagn. Aeron., 26, 501-505, 1986. Tagirov V. R., V. S. Ismagilov, E. E. Titova, V. A. Arinin, A. M. Perlikov, J. Manninen, T. Turunen, and K. Kaila, Auroral pulsations and accompanying VLF emissions, Ann. Geophysicae 17, 66-78, 1999. Trakhtengerts, V.Y., Relaxation of plasmas with anisotropic velocity distribution. In: Galeev, A.A., Sudan, R.N. (Eds.), Handbook of Plasma Physics, Vol. 2, Basic Plasma Physics II. Elsevier, New York, 519-552, 1984. Trakhtengerts V. Yu., A. G. Demekhov, E. E. Titova, B. V. Kozelov, O. Santolik, D. Gumett, and M. Parrot, Interpretation of Cluster data on chorus emissions using the backward wave oscillator model, Phys.Plasma., V. 11(4), 1345-1351, 2004. Trefall, H. , S Ullaland, J. Stadsnes, I. Singstad, T. Pytte, K. Bronstad, J. Bjordal, R. Karas, R. Brown, J.Muench, Morphology and fine time structure of an earlymoming electron precipitation event, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys, 37, 83-105, 1975. Tsuruda, K. S.; Machida, T. Oguti, S. Kokubun, K. Hayashi, T. Kitamura, O. Saka, T. Watanabe, Correlations between the very low frequency chorus and pulsating aurora observed by low-light-level television at L approximately 4.4. Canadian Journal of Physics, vol. 59, p . 1042- 1047, 1981. 44