Physics of auroral phenomena : proceedings of the 35th Annual seminar, Apatity, 28 Februaru – 02 March, 2012 / [ed. board: A. G. Yahnin, A. A. Mochalov]. - Апатиты : Издательство Кольского научного центра РАН, 2012. - 187 с. : ил., табл.

1. V. Despirak et al. substorm. As is well known, during substorm growth phase, as a result of reconnection at the magnetopause magnetic flux is stored in the magnetotail lobes, the volume of the flux stored depending on solar wind parameters and interplanetary magnetic field (e.g. Shukhtina et al., 2005). During auroral disturbances this flux is ‘unloaded’ down to the ionosphere. However it is possible that during a substorm not all the stored flux but only a part of it is dissipated in the ionosphere. The area of the auroral bulge could be a measure of the dissipated magnetic flux (Miyashita et al., 2003; Yahnin et al., 2006b). So the total pressure increase followed by a decrease observed during the substorm-related fast flows is one of the signatures of substorm development in the magnetotail. Conclusions In all eight cases we have analyzed, in the course of auroral disturbances development in the ionosphere during Sheath and CIR, in the magnetotail typical substorm signatures are observed: ■ fast plasma flows associated with the reconnection process (tailward/earthward flows) * a sharp decrease of the total pressure following the interval of pressure increase. This enables us to consider the auroral disturbances during Sheath and CIR as substorms. Acknowledgements. The paper was supported by the RFBR Grants 12-05-01030 and Program No 22 of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) “Fundamental problems of the Solar system exploration”. The work was also partially supported by grant DID 02/8 from the Bulgarian National Science Fund. The study is part of a joint Russian - Bulgarian Project “The influence of solar activity and solar wind streams on the magnetospheric disturbances, particle precipitations and auroral emissions” of PGI RAS and IKIT-BAS under the Fundamental Space Research Program between RAS and BAS. References Balogh, A., Gosling, J.T., Jokipii, J.R., Kallenbach, R., Kunow, H., 1999. Corotating interaction region. Space Science Reviews 89, 141-411. Despirak, I.V., Lubchich, A.A., Yahnin, A.G., Kozelov, B.V., Biemat, H.K., 2009. Development of substorm bulges during different solar wind structures. Annales Geophysicae 27, 1951-1960. Hoffman, R.A., Gjerloev, J.W., Frank, L.A., Sigwarth, J.W., 2010. Are there optical differences between storm-time substorms and isolated substorms? Annales Geophysicae 28, 1183-1198. Hones, Jr., E. W., 1979. Transient phenomena in the magnetotail and their relation to substorms. Space Science Reviews 16, 617-410. Klein, L.W., Burlaga, L.F., 1982. Interpalnatary magnetic clouds at 1 AU. Journal of Geophysical Research 87, 613- 624. Lui, A. T. Y., Zheng, A., Reme, H., Dunlop, M.W., Gustafsson, G., 2008. Evaluation of substorm models with Cluster observations of plasma flow reversal in the magnetotail. Advances in Space Research 41, 1611-1618. McPherron, R.L., Hsu, T.-S., 2002. A comparison of substorms occurring during magnetic storms with those occurring during quiet times. Journal of Geophysical Research 107, 1259, doi:10.1029/2001JA002008. Miyashita, Y., Machida, S., Liou, K., Mukai, Т., Saito, Y., Meng, C.-I., Parks, G.K., 2003. Relationship between magnetotail variations and auroral activities during substorms. Journal of Geophysical Research 108, 1022, doi:10.1029/2001JA009175. Pudovkin, M.I., 1996. Solar wind. Soros Educational Journal 12, 87-94. Runov, A., Nakamura, R. Baumjohann, W. Treumann, R.A., Zhang, T. L., Volwerk, М., Voros, Z., Balogh, A., GlaBmeier, K.-H., Klecker, B., Reme, H., Kistler, L„ 2003. Current sheet structure near magnetic X-line observed by Cluster. Geophysical Research Letters 30, 1579, doi: 10.1029/2002GL016730. Shukhtma, M.A., Dmitrieva, N.P., Popova, N.G., Sergeev, V.A., Yahnin, A.G., Despirak, I.V., 2005. Observational evidence of the loading-unloading substorm scheme. Geophysical Research Letters 32, LI7107, doi:10.1029/2005GL023779. Yahnin, A.G., Despirak, I.V., Lubchich, A.A., Kozelov, B.V., Dmitrieva, N.P., Shukhtina, M.A., Biemat,. H.K., 2006a. Indirect mapping o f the source of the oppositely directed fast plasma flows in the plasma sheet onto the auroral display. Annales Geophysicae 24, 679-687. Yahnin, A.G., Despirak, I.V., Lubchich, A.A., Kozelov, B.V., Dmitrieva, N.P., Shukhtina, M.A, Biemat, H.K., 2006b. Relationship between substorm auroras and processes in the near-earth magnetotail. Space Science Reviews 122, 97-106. Yermolaev, Yu.I., Nikolaeva, N.S., Lodkina, I.G., Yermolaev, M.Yu., 2009. Catalog of Large-Scale Solar Wind Phenomena during 1976- 2000. Kosmicheskie Issiedovaniya 47, 99-113. Yermolaev, Yu.I., Nikolaeva, N.S., Lodkina, I.G., Yermolaev, M.Yu., 2010. Relative occurrence rate and geoeffectiveness of large-scale types of the solar wind. Kosmicheskie Issiedovaniya 48, 3-32. 20