Physics of auroral phenomena : proceedings of the 34th Annual seminar, Apatity, 01 - 04 March, 2011 / [ed.: A. G. Yahnin, A. A. Mochalov]. - Апатиты : Издательство Кольского научного центра РАН, 2011. - 231 с. : ил.

On extreme statistical characteristics of chorus element generation C0= 6.0, C,= 12.0 Fig. 3. Probability density function of the growth rate □Q solid line - for the entire simulation time; thin line - separately for intervals when the threshold is exceeded. time step time step time step Fig. 4. Average evolution of the model variables near the moments, of the threshold excess: (a) wave magnitude; (b) growth rate; (c) standard deviation of the growth rate. Construction by superimposed epoch method. Dashed line marks the moments of the threshold excess, and the dotted line is the threshold level. Acknowledgments. This work was supported by the General Physics Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences (the Program “Plasma Processes in Solar System”) and the RFBR (grants 11-02-00654, 11-02- 00397, RFBR-CNRS N10-02-9311) References 1. V. Y. Trakhtengerts, “Magnetosphere cyclotron maser: Backward wave oscillator generation regime”, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1995, pp. 17205-17210. 2. V. Y. Trakhtengerts, “A generation mechanism for chorus emission”, Ann. Geophys., 17, 1999, pp. 95- 100 . 3. V. Y. Trakhtengerts, A. G. Demekhov, E. E. Titova, В. V. Kozelov, O. Santolik, D. Gumett, M. Parrot, "Interpretation of Cluster data on chorus emissions using the backward wave oscillator model", Physics o f Plasmas, 11, 2004, pp. 1345 - 1353. 4. E. E. Titova В. V Kozelov., F., Jiricek J., Smilauer A. G., Demekhov V. Y Trakhtengerts., “Verification of backwards wave oscillator model of VLF chorus generation using data from MAGION 5 satellite”, Ann. Geophys., 21,2003, pp. 1073-1081. 5. E. Macusova, O. Santolik, P. Decreau, A. G. Demekhov, D. Nunn, D. A. Gumett, J. S. Pickett, E. E. Titova, В. V. Kozelov, J.-L. Rauch, and J.-G. Trotignon, “Observations of the relationship between frequency sweep rates of chorus wave packets and plasma density”, J.Geophys. Res., 115, 2010, doi: 10.1029/2010JA015468. 6. B.V. Kozelov, E. E. Titova, A. A. Lyubchich, V. Yu. Trakhtengerts, and J. Manninen, "On-Off Intermittency as a Possible Mechanism of Formation of ELF-VLF Chorus Series", Geomagnetism and aeronomy, 43, 2003, pp.593-601. 7. A. G. Demekhov and V. Y. Trakhtengerts, “Dynamics of the magnetospheric cyclotron ELF/VLF maser in the backward wave oscillator regime. II. The influence of the magnetic field inhomogeneity”, Radiophys. Quantum Electron., 51, 2008, pp.977-987. 8. N.S. Ginzburg and S.P. Kuznetsov, “Periodic and stochastic automodulation regimes in electronic generators with distributed interaction”, in: Relativistic High-Frequency Electronics, (Inst, of Appl. Phys., Gorki, USSR, 1981), pp.101-143 [in Russian]. 81