Physics of auroral phenomena : proceedings of the 33rd Annual seminar, Apatity, 02 - 05 March, 2010 / [ed.: A.G. Yahnin, A. A. Mochalov]. - Апатиты : Издательство Кольского научного центра РАН, 2011. - 206 с. : ил.

L. N. Makarova at al. Figure 3. Long - term variations and periodicity o f the sea ice cover area in the Laptev Sea. Summary The investigations of the long - term variations of the ionospheric parameters which have been done in this paper allow us to determine the main factors responsible for formation of the both polar and auroral ionospheres. It was shown that the main factor which determined the polar and auroral ionosphere in their long - term variations is the solar UV radiation. The long - term trends of ionospheric parameters are different in various cycles of the solar activity. The fact of the solar UV radiation influence on the middle atmosphere and ionosphere is a well know phenomenon. However, it is shown in this paper that the solar UV radiation is a main factor of formation of ionosphere during the last 4 cycles of the solar activity in the polar and auroral latitudes. An original achievement of this investigation is establishing o f the fact that the long - term variations o f the height of maximum ionization in the F2 layer directly depend on the value o f the full vector o f the solar wind magnetic field, which determines magnitude of the ionospheric electric field and vertical drift o f the whole F2 layer. Obtained high correlation coefficients between values of the height o f maximum ionization in the F2 layer and full vector of the solar wind magnetic field are the reliable evidence o f the important role o f the electric fields in formation of the high - latitude ionosphere. A rather good similarity between the long-term variations o f the solar wind density and the sea ice cover area in the Arctic was found. References 1. Dmitriev A .V , Suvorova A.V. and Veselovsky I.V. Statistical characteristics o f the heliospheric plasma at the Earth’s orbit during four solar cycles 20-23, In: Handbook on Solar Wind: Effects, Dynamics and Interactions, ed. by Hans E. Johannson, Nova Science Publishers, In c , New York, USA, 2009, P. 81-144. 2. Makarova, L.N , Shirochkov, A .V , Nagumy, A .P , Rozanov, E .V , Schmutz, W. Evaluation of the effects of the electric currents induced by the solar wind on the thermal regime o f the middle stratosphere (altitudes 2 0 -30 km) J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Physics, 2004, vol. 6 6 , P. 1173-1177. 3. Zubov, V .A , Rozanov, E .V , Shirochkov, A .V , Makarova, L .N , Egorova, T .A , Kiselev, A .E , Ozolin, Y .A , Karol, I.L , Schmutz, W. Modeling the solar wind influence on the circulation and ozone concentration in the middle atmosphere, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Physics, 2005, vol. 67, P. 155-162. 4. Makarova, L .N , Shirochkov, A.V. Experimental and modeling evidences o f the solar wind energy influence on the Earth atmosphere, In: Handbook on Solar Wind: Effects, Dynamics and Interactions, ed by Hans E Johannson, Nova Science Publishers, Inc, New York, USA, 2009, P. 177-196. 5. Shibkov A.A. Nonequilibrium growth of ice in supercooled water, Tambov University Reports 2009 P 1183 - 82