Physics of auroral phenomena : proceedings of the 33rd Annual seminar, Apatity, 02 - 05 March, 2010 / [ed.: A.G. Yahnin, A. A. Mochalov]. - Апатиты : Издательство Кольского научного центра РАН, 2011. - 206 с. : ил.

М.I. Panasyuk at al. W, and telemetry channel allows to transmit up to 8.. .9 GBytes scientific data per day. Fig. 3. The model o f the Lomonosov satellite. The mirror o f the main scientific instrument is shown on theforeground. 1. The main instrument o f Lomonosov scientific equipment is TUS device. It consists o f the 2-meter in diameter segmented mirror that reflects the light from the night atmosphere and focuses it on the block of 255 photomultipliers. Thus the Earth’s atmosphere is used as a huge scintillator for detecting the ultra-high energy cosmic rays particles. The area of ground spot mirrored to the detector is about 5000 km2. The upper threshold of registering particles is 5 1019eV. 2. There are two types of detectors for gamma-ray bursts investigation. Automated optical cameras (3x12 Mpx matrixes) picture the sky and track optical events. Hard X- and Gamma-ray detectors are placed along the same axes. They form the trigger signal to the optical system and measure temporal and spectral characteristics of a burst. The system checks if high levels of X- and Gamma fluxes are reasoned by high energy charged particles to reduce the false triggering. The information of new GRBs is downloaded online to the Earth. 3. The study of transient events in the upper atmosphere of the Earth is already a tradition for the Moscow University. The UFFO/UBAT device continues the attempts to understand the methods of generation and logic of localization in the atmosphere such high-energy effects as the red sprites and the blue elves. 4. The dosimetric system of the Lomonosov is presented by two devices: DEPRON dosimetric device and ELFIN detector. The first one is a complex Constellation project The main idea of the project is to integrate small and cheap nanosatellites into a group of satellites. The effect o f this integration is similar to GRID-systems - total efficiency of the system will increase much 142 Tasks can be performed by several devices simultaneously or sequentially, during their resource expire. To control the position of satellites after separation from the mother platform special converging orbits are counted, i.e. the devices can "meet" each other over short distances or even gather all the group. During these meetings, rapid data exchange and intercalibration of sensors are possible, and even a partial redistribution of tasks could be implemented. Each o f the satellites has onboard an identical microprocessor, which operates the platform, intersatellite links, and the data download. The line connection is realized using one or several wireless standards (Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, GSM, 3G, 4G, or other standards), in terms o f which each satellite is actually a normal subscriber. This allows one to organize the work o f all the satellites as the work of usual personal computers in the local network with the access to the main apparatus (server). This eliminates the need of experiment participants to develop their own satellites with telemetry and vehicle, and the whole task of their developing program is transferred to the payload manufacture, experimental observation and data processing. To simplify and reduce the total cost only space-tested technologies and solutions will be used during the system development. The educational ideology of the project The basic idea is that university microsatellites are just a flying training laboratories in which students of any university can meet the challenge of natural faster than their number and will be greater than the sum of its components. The “Constellation” system is capable of simultaneously implementing a number of tasks. The head unit holds onboard up to thirty identical nanosatellites, each of them is configured to perform Fig. 4. The concept o f the "Constellation " system: main satellite and a group o f nanosatellites.