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Screening studies o f POPs in fish from the Paz watercourse 71 109 5.9 Л Stuorajarvi Kuetsjarvi Pike, liver IDDT, ng/g ww N tuorajavri 6Q°Lake 3.9 22°E Figure 2. Distribution o fDDT hepatic levels infish from the study area Exposure and effects: DDT has been shown to be a hormone-disrupting chemical that can affect the reproductive and nervous systems. Although there is insufficient evidence for humans, animal experiments have shown the carcinogenicity of DDT (Group 2B), which caused liver tumours in rats and mice (IARC, 1987). Based on NOAELs (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) of 6.25 mg/kg of body weight per day in rats, 10 mg/kg of body weight per day in monkeys, and 0.25 mg/kg of body weight per day in humans, Joint FAO/WHO Meetings on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) recommended an average daily intake (ADI) for humans of 0.02 mg/kg of body weight (WHO, 2002). In Russia currently accepted DDT ADI for adults and children are 0.005 and 0.0025 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. Maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of DDT in freshwater fish is 0.3 mg/kg (Hygienic norms, 2003). Thus, even the highest detected levels of total DDT in liver of pike from the Kuetsjarvi did not exceed this MPC. More information about external exposure and health effects is available from the U.S. EPA’s IRIS Web site at http://www.epa.gov/iris and from ATSDR’s Toxicological Profiles at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) HCB has been widely used as a fungicide to protect the seeds of onions, wheat, and sorghum. It has also been used as a solvent and as a manufacturing intermediate or additive in the production of synthetic rubber, plastic, pyrotechnics, ammunition, wood preservatives and Akvaplan-niva report APN 514-3365.02 10