Sandimirov S.S. Catalogue of lakes in the Russian, Finnish and Norwegian Border Area. Finland, Jyvaskyla: Kopijyva Oy, 2008.

Although Cu and Ni are the main pollutants in the effluents and emissions from the “Pechenganickel” smelter, the watershed of Lake Biggejavre is locat­ ed at a considerable distance from the smelter and the Cu concentrations in the water are 1.7 jag/1, and of Ni 2.2 |ig/l. Cu, цд/І 1 1 1 . 2 - 2.2 Ni, цд/І 22 0.4-4.0 Al, цд/| 27 27-27 Pb, цд/І 02 0 . 2 - 0.2 2.1.2. Lake bottom sediments The sediments in Lake Biggejavre have organic matter contents ( LOI) in the up­ permost 1 cm layer of about 30% (Table 24). As the lake is located at a distance of about 300 km from the Pechenganickel smelter, emissions of S and heavy metals have relatively little impact on the lake. However, it is subjected to pollution by chalcophile elements, such as Cd, Pb, As and Hg. The top 4-10 cm of the lake sediments are the most polluted. The maximum Cd concentrations occur in the 6-10 cm layer, and of the others chalcophile elements in the uppermost 1 cm layer (Fig. 39). Contamination factor values of these toxic elements range from 1.4 to 18.7 (Table 24), i.e. the values correspond to moderate and high (Pb) contamination. Pb has the maximum Cfvalue. The contamination factor values of the other heavy metals are low. The degree of con­ tamination value (27.1) for this lake corresponds to considerable contamination. Lake Layer, cm LOI Cu Ni Zn Co Cd Pb As Hg cd Biggejavre 0-1 27.63 53 25 62 12.5 0.24 33.8 15.1 0.163 25-26 25.31 88 35 79 35.1 0.17 1.8 6.63 0.070 cf 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.4 1.4 18.7 2.3 2.3 27.1 Table 24. The organic matter con­ tents (LOI, % ) and heavy metal concentrations (цд/д, dry weight) in the surface (0-1 cm) and pre-industrial (25-26 cm) sediment layers. Cfand Cdcorrespond to con­ tamination factor and degree of contamination values, respectively. Fig. 39. Vertical distribution of the concentrations ofPb, As, Cd and Hg (цд/д, dry weight) in the sediment core of Lake Biggejavre. 2.1.3. Hydrobiology studies No direct hydrobiological investigations have been carried out in this lake. Catalogue ofLakes in the Russian, Finnish and Norwegian BorderArea 75