Sandimirov S.S. Catalogue of lakes in the Russian, Finnish and Norwegian Border Area. Finland, Jyvaskyla: Kopijyva Oy, 2008.

The watershed of LN-2 is subjected to severe anthropogenic impacts from the smelter. The main pollutants are sul­ phur compounds and heavy metals (Ni. Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, As, Hg etc.). In spite of the fact that emissions from the smelt­ er have been reduced to approximately one third of the peak levels in the late 1970s, the deposition of pollutants still has a considerable impact on the water body. Copper (up to 13 (ig/1) and Ni (up to 340 ng/1) concentrations in the water bodies in the vicinity of the smelter are considerably higher than in other parts of the region. Water colour, deg. 9 5-12 NH4, цд/І 8 2-27 N03, цд/І 3 1-10 Total N, цд/І 138 95-189 P04, цд/І 2 1-7 Total P, ng/l 5 2-13 116 Fe, цд/І 45-250 Cu, ng/i 9Л 6.7-13.0 265 Ni, (jg/l 157-340 39 AI, Mg/l 14-140 Pb, цд/І 03 0.1-1.1 1 .6.2. Lake bottom sediments Table 6. The organic matter contents (LOI, %) and heavy metal concentra­ tions фд/д, dry weight) in the surface (0-1 cm) and pre-industrial (17-18 cm) sediment layers. Cf and Cdare contamina­ tion factor and degree of contamination values, respectively. The sediments of Lake LN-2 are characterized by relatively low organic matter con­ tents: the LOI value in the uppermost 1 cm layer is less than 20% (Table 6). The lake is located at a distance of 8 km from the “Pechenganikel” smelter, and is subjected to severe airborne pollution comprising heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Co) and chalcophile elements (Pb, As, Cd and Hg). The top 4-5 cm layer of the lake sediments is heavily polluted by Ni, Cu and Co, as well as by chalcophile elements, originating from the smelter (Fig. 5). The factor values of these toxic elements range from 3.7 up to 36.7 (Table 6), i.e. they correspond to considerable and high contamination. Pb has the highest Cfvalue. The degree of contamination value (134.0) for this lake corresponds to high contamination, and it is one of most contaminated of the studied lakes. Lake Layer, cm LOI Cu Ni Zn Co Cd Pb As Hg cd LN-2 0-1 17-18 17.92 21.40 1949 53 3535 214 108 121 123.1 26.2 0.93 0.25 8.8 1.0 31.80 4.29 2.890 0.052 cf 36.7 16.5 0.9 4.7 3.7 8.4 7.4 55.6 134.0 26 Catalogue o f Lakes in the Russian, Finnish and Norwegian BorderArea